Suchergebnisse

Difficile d'aborder la question de « la femme » dans un pays arabe et à majorité musulmane sans tomber dans les stéréotypes, les simplifications voire même les prises de position tranchées. Sujet complexe par excellence, il déclenche les passions parce qu'il reflète tous les conflits et toutes les sensibilités. Les approches de ce sujet se divisent en trois catégories : l'approche statistique qui, à partir des faits quantifiés, va décrire la condition féminine, l'approche juridique qui va analyser la situation de la femme à la lumière des droits dont elle bénéficie, et l'approche sociologique qui va observer les comportements collectifs ou individuels et les représentations sociales. Chacune de ces approches est utile mais semble insuffisante pour appréhender la condition de la femme dans sa globalité et saisir toutes ses nuances. Dès lors, combiner ces trois approches permet d'aborder mieux la complexité de la question de la femme en Egypte. Aussi sans prétendre suivre cette démarche intégrée de manière rigoureuse et complète, nous nous proposons d'examiner la condition de la femme égyptienne à la lumière des ces trois approches.

Cameroon has been producing palm oil for centuries but industrial scale production started around 1907 under the German colonisation with the development of estates and mills around the Littoral region (Sanaga-Maritime). The country's production of palm oil can be grouped into traditional (artisanal) and industrial milling. The production is stratified in three groups: an agro-industrial sector, smallholders in contract with agro-industries and traditional independent smallholders also called artisanal sector. Smallholders with less than 5 ha of oil palm represent more than 75% of oil palm growers but provide only half of the production due to very low yields. Despite the presence of these three groups, the national production is not sufficient to cover the domestic consumption. The government considers the oil palm sector (both artisanal and industrial) as an important tool to alleviate poverty and to generate national revenues. This paper analyses the operation of smallholding oil palm value chain in the Department of Sanaga-Maritime. Data were collected trough field survey that involved distribution of pre-structured questionnaires to a sample of 60 actors purposively selected. The data collected through these questionnaires were analysed using Olympe software. The study reveals that, oil palm smallholding value chain is made up of three categories of farmers: family farms, rural and urban investors. The average margins of farmers are higher for the plantation of urban investors, followed by those of the rural investor and the family farms. Family farmers are the actors who process all their produce into red palm oil, whereas, the rural investor and urban elites do not process their produce. They rather sell their nuts, either to local artisanal millers or to the local agro industry. Two types of artisanal millers have been identified: manual vertical press users and combined motorized horizontal press users. In general, the motorized horizontal presses have a higher production capacity (tons/day) than the manuals presses. The study also reveals that the extraction rate slightly differs according to the type of press used.

Aux origines paysannes et rurales des bouleversements politiques en Afrique du Nord : L'exception algérienne. - Omar BESSAOUD. - P. 11-30. - Titre : L'agriculture marocaine, entre les contraintes de la dépendance alimentaire et les exigences de la régulation sociale. - Najib AKESBI. - P. 31-56. - Aux origines rurales et agricoles de la révolution tunisienne. - Alia GANA. - P. 57-80. - L'agriculture au Liban : entre contraintes géopolitiques et retrait du politique. - Pierre BLANC. - P. 81-100. - Crise agraire, crise foncière et sécheresse en Syrie (2000-2011). - Myriam ABABSA. - P. 101-122. - Urbanisation des terres agricoles : ressorts, dynamiques, et impacts sur l'agriculture à la périphérie de Meknès. - Marie FRANCOIS ; El Hassane ABDELLAOUI. - P. 123-140

This deliverable aims at compiling the existing data, knowledge and policy framework on rural in the EU, so to provide an operational framework for SHERPA multi-actor platforms (MAPs) when they come at describing rural trends, challenges and opportunities in their respective areas. The definition of rural and rurality is a longstanding issue which has been the subject of debates in the scientific literature for a while. While endeavouring to define 'rurality', attempts have been made -and still continue- to understand rurality, leading to various typologies of areas based on different quantifiable criteria. In that respect, demography, employment, and accessibility are used as main criteria in statistical categories, which are then used to map the boundaries of the EU rural.