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Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- The Author -- Table of Contents -- List of Abbreviations -- Preface -- General Introduction -- 1. General Background of the Country -- I. Basic Structures -- II. General Legal System -- 2. Social Facts about Religion -- I. Religious Affiliation -- Part I. Legal Framework and Sources -- Chapter 1. Basic Law -- 1. Overview -- I. The Preamble -- II. Freedom of Religion, Belief and Opinion -- III. Institutional Guarantees -- IV. Religious Instruction in Public Schools -- V. Equal Treatment -- VI. Oath of Office -- 2. Constitutional Provisions of the State -- Chapter 2. Other Legislation Relating to Religion -- 1. Array of Legislation -- 2. Treaty Law -- 3. Basic Structure of Legislation -- Chapter 3. Typology of the System -- 1. Separation and Cooperation -- 2. Neutrality -- 3. Tolerance -- 4. Pluralism -- 5. Equality -- Part II. Religious Freedom in General -- Chapter 1. Individual Religious Freedom -- 1. Normative Structures -- 2. Functions -- 3. Scope of Individual Guarantee -- I. Nationality -- II. Religious Maturity -- A. Role of Parents and Legal Guardians -- B. Federal Act on the Religious Upbringing of Children -- 4. Limitation to and Derogation from Freedom of Religion or Belief -- Chapter 2. Organizational Religious Freedom -- 1. Basic Principles -- I. Corporative Freedom -- II. Freedom to Form Religious Communities -- III. Fundamental Rights of Legal Persons -- A. Scope of Legal Persons -- B. Foreign Legal Persons -- C. Nature of Rights -- D. Notion of Religious Community -- Chapter 3. Religious Freedom and Equality -- 1. Constitutional Guarantees -- 2. General Non-discrimination -- 3. Institutional Equality -- 4. Equal Treatment of Non-religious and Philosophical Communities -- Part III. Legal Status of Religious Communities -- Chapter 1. Formal Status of Religious Communities.

"This paper is devoted to study the existence of a solution to Hilfer fractional
differential equation with nonlocal boundary condition in Banach spaces.
We use the equivalent integral equation to study the considered Hilfer differential
problem with nonlocal boundary condition. The Monch type fixed point
theorem and the measure of the noncompactness technique are the main tools in
this study. We demonstrate the existence of a solution with a suitable illustrative
example."

In this article, we have interested the study of the existence and uniqueness of positive solutions of the first-order nonlinear Hilfer fractional differential equation $$D_{0^{+}}^{\alpha ,\beta }y(t)=f(t,y(t)),\text{ }0<t\leq 1,$$ with the integral boundary condition $$I_{0^{+}}^{1-\gamma }y(0)=\lambda \int_{0}^{1}y(s)ds+d,$$ where $0<\alpha \leq 1,$ $0\leq \beta \leq 1,$ $\lambda \geq 0,$ $d\in \mathbb{R}^{+},$ and $D_{0^{+}}^{\alpha ,\beta }$, $I_{0^{+}}^{1-\gamma }$ are fractional ope\-rators in the Hilfer, Riemann-Liouville concepts, respectively. In this approach, we transform the given fractional differential equation into an equivalent integral equation. Then we establish sufficient conditions and employ the Schauder fixed point theorem and the method of upper and lower solutions to obtain the existence of a positive solution of a given problem. We also use the Banach contraction principle theorem to show the existence of a unique positive solution. The result of existence obtained by structure the upper and lower control functions of the nonlinear term is without any monotonous conditions. Finally, an example is presented to show the effectiveness of our main results.