Suchergebnisse

According to mainstream literature, Muslim countries often lag behind in terms of environmental sustainability despite their beingfully compliant with global environmental regulations. This raises the question of whether this applies to all aspects of environmentalconservation. Therefore, this paper aims to evaluate the effectiveness of biodiversity conservation efforts in countries that are members of the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) and determine whether a consistent growth trend in biodiversity conservation can be identified. The study employs semi-quantitative and policy-science methods, analysing data from Yale University's Biodiversity and Habitat Protection Index from 2010 to 2020. The findings show a significant increase in biodiversity conservation performance over the ten-year study period. Interestingly, low-income countries outperformed their wealthier OIC counterparts in terms of biodiversity conservation, despite having the lowest economic development status. This positive trend highlights the effectiveness of essential biodiversity policies and measures adopted in these Muslim countries. Furthermore, these results align with Stern's approach, which argues that economic expansion can have diverse impacts on environmental quality, leading to the rejection of the Environmental Kuznets Curve hypothesis in the context of biodiversity conservation in Muslim countries. The study emphasises the need for further research into the nature of biodiversity policies among low-income nations. The policy ideas and solutions from these countries can provide valuable insights for combating biodiversity loss within OIC countries and globally, contributing to achieving Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Additionally, it has the potential to enhance the capacity of OIC countries in biodiversity conservation and their role in supporting fellow Muslim nations in achieving the SDGs.

This article discusses and analyses relations between Indonesia and Malaysia from the relational dynamism between people and the state. Theoretically, the relations can be narrated through identity formation approach in the context of 'authoritative-defined social reality' and 'everyday-defined social reality'. The reality of Indonesia-Malaysia relations in the last twenty-five years was very much defined by authoritative or elitist views, which have dominated and controlled the everyday discourses. However, elitist groups' reality-defined perspective does not paint the whole picture of relations. This article argues that it is crucial to analyse the relations in the context of 'everyday-defined social reality' especially from the common people's perspective such as workers, traders, activists, novelists, religious groups, artists, and families, who experience the reality of the relations. This 'social reality' can be observed in the dynamism of cross border relation between people-to-people, as has been shown in our case studies, in the border areas of Kalimantan Barat and Sarawak as well as Kalimantan Utara-Sabah. It shows complex but generally positive pictures in understanding relations between two countries. It is therefore expected that the awareness and understanding of this 'everyday-reality' can contribute to a better understanding of relations between the two countries.

Although Nigeria, like most developing countries is facing various security challenges, recent media reports suggest that activities of Boko Haram insurgent group appears to be the most visible source of security threat to the country. Beginning 2009, the group launched violent attack on the Nigerian state, killing thousands of people and destroying public and private properties in different parts of the country.Globally, the group is now labeled as one of the most deadly insurgent/terrorist groups in the world.Like most insurgent or terrorist groups, it seems to defy several counter terrorism measures introduced by the Nigerian government.Arising from this background, many Nigerians are calling for the involvement of traditional institutions in the fight against the insurgent or terrorist groups. This article attempts to examine the role which African traditional institutions can play in managing the menace of such groups. Methodologically, in-depth interview was adopted for the study using Kano Emirate Council as case study.Thus, among the findings of the study is that traditional institutions occupy a strategic position in Nigerian setting which make them relevant in the fight against insurgents.In this article we argue that considering the closeness of the institutions to the communities, lack of modern security monitoring equipment and comprehensive data on the population for security agencies to keep abreast with the happenings in the society, the Nigerian government should create a framework to synergize between the institutions and the contemporary security agencies.