Suchergebnisse

[ES] El fuerte crecimiento demográfico de los países de la ribera meridional y oriental, el incremento consiguiendo de u fuerza laboral, el escaso nivel de desarrollo económico y la percepción de las diferencias de bienestar con la otra ribera, son determinantes de un potencial emigratorio. Este potencial, la azarosa evolución política de los países meridionales, asi como una demografía europea de incierto futuro y la intencionada dualidad Norte-Sur o Islam-Occidente, plantean una situación conflictiva en el Mediterráneo. Las medidas inst6urmentadas para atenuar4 los contrastes demográficos y económicos no han dado resultados suficientes, por lo que es necesario un nuevo enfoque que considere que las políticas de población son políticas de desarrollo. ; [EN] The strong demographic growth of the eastern and southern bank countries of Mediterranean Basin, the increase of their manpower, the low level of economic of Mediterranean Basin, the increase of their manpower, the low level of economic development and the perception of wealth disparities related to the northern countries, are the reasons for a migration potential to European countries. This potential, the troubled politics evolution of the southern bank, the uncertain perspectives of European demographic of European demography and an intentioned duality South-North (Islam-West), outline a conflicting social and political situation. The measures formalized to attenuate contrasts of development have not been successful; now it is necessary an unlike strategy that states that population policies are development policies. ; Peer reviewed

Differences of welfare and population policy in the Mediterranean Basin. The strong demographic growth of the eastern and southern bank countries of Mediterranean Basin, the increase of their manpower, the low level of economic development and the perception of wealth disparities related to the nothern countries, are the reasons for a migration potential to european countries. This potential, the troubled politics evolution of the shoutern bank, the incertain perspectives of european demography and an intentioned duality South-North (Islam-West), outline a conflicting social and political situation. The measures formalized to attenuate contrasts of development have not been succesful; now it is necessary an unlike strategy that states that population policies are development policies. ; Diferencias de bienestar y política demográfica en el Mediterráneo. El fuerte crecimiento demográfico de los países de la ribera meridional y oriental, el incremento consiguiente de su fuerza laboral, el escaso nivel de desarrollo económico y la percepción de las diferencias de bienestar con la otra ribera, son determinantes de un potencial emigratorio. Este potencial, la azarosa evolución política de los países meridionales, así como una demografía europea de incierto futuro y la intencionada dualidad Norte-Sur o Islam-Occidente, plantean una situación conflictiva en el mediterráneo. Las medidas instrumentadas para atenuar los contrastes demográficos y económicos no han dado resultados suficientes, por lo que es necesario un nuevo enfoque que considere que las políticas de población son políticas de desarrollo.

With authorisation of the magazine for this article ; Peer reviewed ; With authorisation of the magazine for this article ; Con autorización de la revista para este artículo

Con autorización de la revista para este artículo ; [EN] In the last three decades, disability and dependence in old age have become major political and socialissues. The World Health Organization and the scientific community have made strenuous efforts toreach a global consensus and to unify concepts and classifications; statistical institutions focus on thecreation of sources to enable the study of disability, and society is looking for a healthier aging pro-cess, better environment, and appropriate health policies. Spain has followed the pace of this globalmovement. The National Statistics Institute has conducted three major surveys on disability and depen-dency (1986, 1999 and 2008). Analysis of their objectives, methodologies, frameworks and applicationson the one hand, and data related to older people on the other, confirm the quantitative burden of disa-bility and dependence and also reveals a change in the social and political significance of both old ageand disability. Therefore, there is a gradual shift in statistical and policy interests from the causes ofdisability to their consequences–mainly dependence–and the set of personal and environmental factorsthat interact with this state ; [ES] En las últimas tres décadas, la discapacidad y la dependencia en las personas mayores ha adquirido unagran relevancia política y sociosanitaria. La Organización Mundial de la Salud y la comunidad científicarealizan un gran esfuerzo para consensuar y unificar conceptos y clasificaciones, las instituciones esta-dísticas se centran en la creación de fuentes que permitan su estudio, y la sociedad en general persigueun envejecimiento más saludable y una mayor adecuación del entorno y de las políticas sociosanitarias.Espa ̃na ha seguido los ritmos de este movimiento global. El Instituto Nacional de Estadística ha reali-zado tres grandes encuestas sobre discapacidad y dependencia (1986, 1999 y 2008). El análisis de susobjetivos, metodologías, marcos explicativos y utilidad posterior, y de los datos referidos a las personasmayores, confirma el peso cuantitativo de la discapacidad y la dependencia. También revela un cambio enla significación social y política de la vejez y la discapacidad. Por ello, se está produciendo una progresivatraslación del foco de interés estadístico y político, desde un marco inicial centrado en las causas de ladiscapacidad,haciasusconsecuencias,especialmenteladependenciayelconjuntodefactorespersonalesy ambientales que la rodean ; Peer reviewed

Con autorización de la revista para este artículo ; Objective How disability manifests itself in an individual is a highly complex process influenced by a wide range of individual and environmental factors. Its complexity makes the search for generalizable characteristics of the disablement process a challenging task. Consequentially, little is known about how the effect on other health outcomes such as life expectancy are modified after the onset of chronic ailments. In this paper we posit an alternative approach to generalize health trajectories of older people with disability and then analyze how socioeconomic conditions affect the longevity within these trajectory groups. ; Methods Individual level information about the first three successive onsets of chronic disability after age 50 is transformed into state-sequences. We extract trajectory groups based on onset time and the time spent in a certain state. Mortality hazards are then estimated with a Gompertz proportional hazards model to compare effects of different socioeconomic measures within the trajectory groups. ; Results Three distinct trajectory groups are identified, the mild (1), the early severe (2), and late severe (3) pathway. Estimates of the mortality analysis suggest that social inequalities in longevity are less pronounced after onset of old-age disability. We found a consistent survival prolonging effect for individuals who engage in daily activities (such as meeting with friends, walking) that ranged between 33.2% and 77.3%. The importance of other variables varies between trajectory groups. ; Discussion This study shows how health trajectories of individuals with disability can be generalized when information on the onset and severity of single conditions is available. Such an approach may help us to better predict health and care expenditures and help families and individuals with their personal care planning. The findings from the subsequent survival analysis suggest a substantial reduction of socioeconomic mortality differences after onset of old-age disability, which appears to be independent of its nature. ; This work was supported by the LONGPOP project (http://longpop-itn.eu/) which has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement No 676060 and the project LONGHEALTH CSO2015-69834-R funded by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. ; Peer reviewed