Suchergebnisse

ABSTRACTA descriptive life cycle model of process development and innovation, as previously reported, is used as a framework to analyze historical trends in the technological development of U.S. automotive engine plants. Using the plant as the unit of analysis, the author examines trends in product diversity, equipment development, backward integration, and productivity improvement. Results support the original research framework and help to clarify the important impact of process changes on the sources of productivity improvement, the capability for product innovation, and the cost of change.

Der Beitrag entwickelt ein Untersuchungsraster für die Analyse der Auswirkungen von Innovationen auf die Wettbewerbssituation. Es basiert auf dem Konzept der Beeinflussung der bestehenden Produktionssysteme und Marketing-Strategien durch Innovationen. Die Anwendung des Konzepts ergibt die Kategorisierung von Innovationen in vier Typen, die am Beispiel der technischen Entwicklung der Automobilindustrie in den USA erläutert werden. Die Untersuchung zeigt, daß die unterschiedlichen Kategorien der Innovation verbunden mit unterschiedlichen Entwicklungsmustern und Managementformen auftreten. (IAB)

ABSTRACTMany hospitals have historically used a fixed staffing policy for allocating nursing personnel, in which the daily demand in each ward is met by nurses who are permanently assigned to the specific wards. In recent years, the concept of variable staffing has been proposed as a means of increasing manpower efficiency. A variable staffing policy is one which provides for staffing adjustments to meet work load through the use of a common pool of cross‐trained nurses.In this paper, a model is formulated to evaluate the relative benefits of variable and fixed staffing policies. Results from a Monte Carlo evaluation of the model demonstrate how the hospital administrator can assess the sensitivity of savings to changes in policy and operating parameters. Several criteria which an administrator might adopt for equating levels of patient care under alternative staffing schemes are suggested and studied. The proposed method of analyzing benefits of alternative allocation procedures shows promise for evaluating policy choices in hospitals, as well as other service organizations with similar characteristics.

National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Office of Research and Development, Washington, D.C. ; Transportation Systems Center, Cambridge, Mass. ; Mode of access: Internet. ; Author corporate affiliation: Harvard University, Graduate School of Business Administration, Boston, Mass. ; Subject code: FDBC ; Subject code: FGE ; Subject code: SCDC ; Subject code: SDBL ; Subject code: WOH ; Subject code: YEB

Symposium proceedings (section IV) limited to papers supported by government funding. ; Distributed by NTIS. ; Prepared for U.S. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration Office of Research and Development under contract with U.S. Transportation Systems Center ; DOT-TSC-1384. ; Spine title: Symposium on the Automotive Future. ; Cover title. ; Includes bibliographical references. ; Mode of access: Internet.