Suchergebnisse

Der demografische Wandel, der in Polen seit dem Umbruch 1989/90 zu beobachten ist, stellt das Land vor große soziale und ökonomische Herausforderungen. Die Zahl der Älteren nimmt rasch zu, die der Kinder und Jugendlichen dagegen deutlich ab. Der Rückgang der Geburtenrate geht dabei auf gesellschaftliche und wirtschaftliche Veränderungen zurück, etwa der Wandel des Familienmodells, die Zunahme der Single-Haushalte, späte Entscheidungen Kinder zu bekommen, begleitet von einer steigenden Zahl von Scheidungen und alleinerziehenden Eltern. Zwar hat sich die erwartete Lebensdauer deutlich nach oben entwickelt, doch stehen der Zugang zu Leistungen moderner Medizin und Pflege derzeit nur beschränkt zur Verfügung. Diese Entwicklungen führen zu der Frage nach grundlegenden Reformen, etwa bei der Finanzierung des Gesundheits- und Pflegesystems, einer umfassenden Kinderbetreuung, Sicherung der Arbeitsplätze oder Zugang zum Wohnungsmarkt. Eine Änderung der demografischen Situation ist – trotz zahlreicher Anstrengungen in der Sozialpolitik der letzten Jahre – nicht in Sicht.

Der demografische Wandel, der in Polen seit dem Umbruch 1989/90 zu beobachten ist, stellt das Land vor große soziale und ökonomische Herausforderungen. Die Zahl der Älteren nimmt rasch zu, die der Kinder und Jugendlichen dagegen deutlich ab. Der Rückgang der Geburtenrate geht dabei auf gesellschaftliche und wirtschaftliche Veränderungen zurück, etwa der Wandel des Familienmodells, die Zunahme der Single-Haushalte, späte Entscheidungen Kinder zu bekommen, begleitet von einer steigenden Zahl von Scheidungen und alleinerziehenden Eltern. Zwar hat sich die erwartete Lebensdauer deutlich nach oben entwickelt, doch stehen der Zugang zu Leistungen moderner Medizin und Pflege derzeit nur beschränkt zur Verfügung. Diese Entwicklungen führen zu der Frage nach grundlegenden Reformen, etwa bei der Finanzierung des Gesundheits- und Pflegesystems, einer umfassenden Kinderbetreuung, Sicherung der Arbeitsplätze oder Zugang zum Wohnungsmarkt. Eine Änderung der demografischen Situation ist - trotz zahlreicher Anstrengungen in der Sozialpolitik der letzten Jahre - nicht in Sicht.

The main aim of the article was to review measures of the population ageing process. In the first part, traditional (conventional) measures of population ageing are presented (i.e. old-age rate, median age, ageing index, dependency ratios, potential support ratio, parent support ratio). These measures are based on chronological age and give a coherent picture of population ageing. However, they do not take into account changes in life expectancy. In other words, they are based on the assumption that a 65-year-old person in 2000 is considered to be just as old as a 65-year-old person in 1900. But the probability of surviving in these two years is different: the remaining life expectancy at age 65 was much higher in 2000 than in 1900. Therefore, the second part of the article presents the new (alternative) measures of population ageing, which are adjusted to life expectancy. In particular, it describes the following measures: proportion of the population in age groups that have a remaining life expectancy of 15 years or less (Prop. RLE15-), prospective median age, population average remaining years of life, and prospective old-age dependency ratio. In the last section, the results of a comparison between conventional and alternative measures are presented. The new measures indicate a slower pace of population ageing in the future than the traditional ones. Thus, the measures recommended for designing governmental programmes aimed at the elderly are the new measures, which take into account life expectancy.

AbstractA person's health status is one of the strongest determinants of well-being. The negative impact of poor health on subjective well-being may be moderated by providing care to individuals in need. In this paper, we investigate the relationships between receiving informal care and the amount of care received and subjective well-being among people aged 65 or older in selected European countries. Our analysis of data from the 6th wave of the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) showed that receiving regular informal care was associated with higher subjective well-being among older people in Northern European countries, and with lower subjective well-being among older males in Southern European countries. Moreover, we found that the perception of the amount of help received affected the subjective well-being of older people, as those who reported that the support they received was either insufficient or met their needs had lower subjective well-being than those who were not in need of care. Our results also showed that receiving formal care was negatively related with subjective well-being among older adults in Northern Europe and Central and Eastern Europe. In the context of population ageing and the growing need for care, social policies that support both sides of the caregiving relationship could enhance subjective quality of life.

Intro -- Contents -- Editors -- Contributors -- 1 Social, health, and economic impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic and the epidemiological control measures -- Part I Quality of health care -- 2 Persistence of limited access to health care for older Europeans in the course of the COVID-19 pandemic -- 3 The impact of unmet health care needs on self-assessed health and functional limitations during the first wave of the Covid-19 pandemic -- 4 Inequality of opportunity in the risk of suffering from persistent symptoms of COVID-19 -- 5 Economic and health system policies during the pandemic and the mental health of older adults -- Part II Health and health behaviours in the pandemic -- 6 Personal contact with other people and mental well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic -- 7 Developments in feelings of loneliness and depression among older adults in Europe and Israel during the pandemic -- 8 Longitudinal changes in mental health following the first COVID-19 lockdown in Europe -- 9 Precautionary behaviour and behavioural risk factors during the COVID-19 pandemic: Evidence from the second SHARE Corona survey -- 10 Risk factors of post COVID-19 condition attributed to COVID-19 disease in people aged 50+ in Europe and Israel -- 11 Sex differences in activity and mental health changes following the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic in Europe -- Part III Employment and labour market during the pandemic -- 12 Did the pandemic change retirement trends? -- 13 Short-time employment aid during the COVID-19 lockdown: Shortand long-run effectiveness -- 14 Work interruptions and medium-term labour market outcomes of older workers during the COVID-19 pandemic -- 15 What is the future of (remote) work? -- 16 Changes in work performance and work losses during the COVID-19 pandemic -- 17 Containment measures and job loss: Evidence from SHARE CORONA surveys.

The COVID-19 pandemic posed a major threat to the well-being of older Europeans. Its economic and social effects, however, varied across countries. This multidisciplinary book presents the first results of analyses that combined the renowned longitudinal database of SHARE with new data from two telephone surveys that were uniquely conducted during the pandemic. The analyses address important policy-related issues, such as: Did social distancing destabilize family and social support networks? Did the pandemic increase health, social and economic inequality? Who had to forego essential health care because of the pandemic? Did lockdown affect one's physical and mental health? Did the shift towards remote work affect workload and well-being? Were different housing conditions related to the spread of the virus? ; The COVID-19 pandemic posed a major threat to the well-being of older Europeans. Its economic and social effects, however, varied across countries. This multidisciplinary book presents the first results of analyses that combined the renowned longitudinal database of SHARE with new data from two telephone surveys that were uniquely conducted during the pandemic. The analyses address important policy-related issues, such as: Did social distancing destabilize family and social support networks? Did the pandemic increase health, social and economic inequality? Who had to forego essential health care because of the pandemic? Did lockdown affect one's physical and mental health? Did the shift towards remote work affect workload and well-being? Were different housing conditions related to the spread of the virus?