CAUSALITY NEXUS BETWEEN TRADE, POLITICAL INSTABLITY, FDI AND ECONOMIC GROWTH: NIGERIA EXPERIENCE
In: International journal of trade and global markets, Band 10, Heft 1, S. 1
ISSN: 1742-755X
6 Ergebnisse
Sortierung:
In: International journal of trade and global markets, Band 10, Heft 1, S. 1
ISSN: 1742-755X
In: Pakistan Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, January – March 2019, Volume 7, No. 1, Pages 93 – 105
SSRN
The aim of this study is to investigate empirically the role of Malaysian exports to TPP countries towards economic growth of Malaysia from 1997 to 2012.The results of this study confirm that Malaysian exports to TPP countries contribute in economic growth of Malaysia.Therefore, the result of this study is obtained through the empirical investigation of the model.Mainly, empirical investigation is based on FMOLS model but some preliminary tests are also performed.The results of unit root test presents that all Variables are non-stationary at level I(0) and become stationary after first difference I(1).In addition, results of Kao's panel cointegration shows that all the variables are cointegrated. Furthermore, Results of FMOLS confirms that out of all the variables included in the model, GDP, TRGDP and ER have significant effect on the exports. ECM panel unit root test were applied to confirm the stability of FMOLS. According to the unit root test of the residuals of FMOLS model, it can be confirmed that the long run results are not spurious.Results of Panel ECM show that out of all variables GDP and TRGDP are positively effect on exports.Finally, results of Granger Causality show that only CPI, GDP and TRGDP are cause exports in Malaysia.The government of Malaysia through understood the importance of exports with TPP member countries to boost economic growth.The latter not only contributes to economic growth through capital formation but also promotes trade activity by making financial resources available at lower cost; attracting foreign direct investment as well as facilitating development of advanced technology. Moreover, this study not only contribute to the exports and economic growth literature but also will guide the policy maker to chalk out right, effective and appropriate policy in order to improve exports between Malaysia and TPP countries.
BASE
Food security is a concept originated in the mid-1970s. According to the definition of the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), food security is a situation that exists when all people, at all times, have physical, social and economic access to sufficient, safe and nutritious food that meets their dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life.At the national level, food security is a situation whereby a country is able to cover the food requirements of its population on a continuous and stable basis. Malaysia, although a middle income country, has been a net food importer in the last four decades.In fact, the country has grown to depend more on imports for most important food especially rice. With these trends lurking, understanding the determinants of food security is important because it will help the policy makers keep abreast of the main variables for food security in Malaysia. This paper thus analyse the dynamic relationship between selected macroeconomic variables (biodiesel production, exchange rate, government expenditure on rural development, Malaysia's GDP, food price index and Malaysia's population) and food security in Malaysia using VAR approach.The variance decomposition also shows that biodiesel production, exchange rate and government expenditure on rural development variables will give the highest shock to food security in year ten.Whereas exchange rate and population in year five and finally GDP in year six. This model is a useful tool and reacts as an effort to better understand how food security reacts and is affected by the integration of domestic and global markets. It could also provide a more quantitative means of assessing food security, and in particular to pinpoint specific variables that explain the highest shock to food security at the national level.It would also benefit to consumers and policy makers.
BASE
The purpose of this study is to examine the role of infrastructure in influencing FDI inflows to Malaysia for the period of 1970-2010 using time series analysis techniques that address the problem of non-stationarity.Specifically, infrastructure together with other determinants of FDI such as market size, trade openness, and human capital are used to analyze their effects on FDI inflows.The ADF test is used to see whether all variables are stationary.Results obtained show that all variables are non-stationary and integrated of order one or I(1).After confirming that all variables are stationary, the ordinary least square (OLS) with the standard White Heteroskedasticity-Consistent Standard Errors and Covariance is employed to estimate the model. Findings indicate that infrastructure has a significant and positive effect on FDI inflows to Malaysia. As expected other FDI's determinants; market size, trade openness and human capital still play significant roles in determining FDI inflows to Malaysia. Results from this study can be used as guidance for policy makers on FDI where government can give more attention on the development of both; hard and soft infrastructure. The availability of infrastructure in a country definitely can attract FDI and further can accelerate the rate of economic development.
BASE
World Affairs Online