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This is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from Elsevier via the DOI in this record. ; Wave energy resources are intermittent and variable over both spatial and temporal scales. This is of concern when considering the supply of power to the electricity grid. This paper investigates whether deploying arrays of devices across multiple spatially separated sites can reduce intermittency of supply and step changes in generated power, thereby smoothing the contribution of wave energy to power supply. The primary focus is on the southwest UK; SWAN wave model hindcast data are analysed to assess the correlation of the resource across multiple sites and the variability of power levels with wave directionality. Power matrices are used to calculate step changes in the generated power with increasing numbers of sites. This is extended to national and European scales using ECMWF hindcast data to analyse the impacts of generating power at multiple sites over wider areas. Results show that at all scales the step change in generated power and the percentage of time with zero generation decreases with increasing numbers of sites before plateauing. This has positive implications for performance of electricity grids with high levels of renewable penetration. ; The work was supported by the EPSRC funded "Extension of UKCMER Core Research, Industry and International Engagement" project (EP/M014738/1) and (EP/P008682/1). The Authors acknowledge the financial support provided by the Welsh Government and Higher Education Funding Council for Wales through the Sêr Cymru National Research Network for Low Carbon, Energy and Environment (C001822). This study was a re-analysis of existing data, which are openly available at locations cited in the reference section.

This is the final version of the article. Available from Elsevier via the DOI in this record. ; The intermittent, irregular and variable nature of the wave energy resource has implications for the supply of wave-generated electricity into the grid; intermittency of renewable power may lead to frequency and voltage fluctuations in the transmission and distribution networks. This study analyses the wave resource over different spatial scales to investigate the potential impacts of the resource variability on the grid supply. It is found that the deployment of multiple wave energy sites results in a reduction in step changes in power, leading to an overall smoothing of the wave-generated electrical power. ; The work was supported by the EPSRC funded "Extension of UKCMER Core Research, Industry and International Engagement" project (EP/M014738/1). The Authors acknowledge the financial support provided by the Welsh Government and Higher Education Funding Council for Wales through the Sêr Cymru National Research Network for Low Carbon, Energy and Environment (C001822). This study was a re-analysis of existing data, which are openly available at locations cited in the reference section.

This is the author accepted manuscript ; To be competitive against other renewable energy sources, energy converted 1 from the ocean waves needs to reduce its associated levelised cost of energy. It has been proven that advanced control algorithms can increase power production and device reliability. They act throughout the power conversion chain, from the hydrodynamics of wave absorption to the power take-off to improve the energy yield. The present work highlights the development and test of several algorithms to control the biradial turbine which is to be installed in the Mutriku oscillating water column plant. A collection of adaptive and predictive controllers is explored and both turbine speed controllers and latching strategies are examined. AWave-to-Wire model of one chamber of the plant is detailed and simulation results of six control laws are obtained. The controllers are then validated using an electrical test infrastructure to prepare the future deployment in the plant. Finally, the control strategies are assessed against criteria like energy production, power quality or reliability. ; European Union's Horizon 2020