Suchergebnisse

Many developed countries that have a combatant Air Force and Search & Rescue (SAR) assets designed for their Air Force's SAR service have been struggling with locating SAR units due to limited SAR assets, constrained budgets, logistic-maintenance problems, and high-risk level of military flights. In recent years, the Turkish Air Force (TUAF) has also been researching methods to gather all SAR units into a central base and deploying the needed number of SAR units to defined Deployment Points (DPs). This research applies three location optimization models to determine the optimum locations for TUAF SAR units. The first model, Set Covering Location Problem (SCLP), defines the minimum number of SAR DPs to cover all fighter aircraft training areas (TAs). The second model, Maximal Covering Location Problem (MCLP), aims to obtain maximum coverage with a given SAR DP number and response time. A weighted MCLP models is also applied with TAs risk values obtained by this research to maximize demanded coverage of TAs. Finally the last model, P-Median Location Problem, defines the locations of SAR DPs while obtaining minimum aggregate or average response time. These three models are applied via a Visual Basic for Applications (VBA) & LINGO Optimization Software interface that allows changing each exogenous variable of the models in a flexible way. The primary objective of this research is to provide the information for the required number of SAR units and their locations. The results indicate that the response time definition is as important as the required number of DPs. Additionally; some DP locations are indispensable because they have no alternative in their sectors.

Turkey has some unique characteristics, one of which is that it is the only Muslim country seeking to join the European Union. Internally, it has been going through a new and challenging experience in recent years: implementing free‐market economic policies under a 'Conservative Democrat' government, the leadership of which comes from moderate Islamism. Many observers think that Turkish experience shows how Islam and the market economy are compatible. This article critically evaluates these reformist economic policies implemented since late 2002 and highlights the major factors behind Turkey's success story.

Since the acceleration of technological advancements, many studies have been done in the economics literature on the direction and extent of the relationship between innovation and employment. The findings of these studies indicate that there is no unanimity among the researchers on an innovation-employment relationship. Based on annual data for the 1990-2018 period, this paper investigates the effect of innovation on employment in the Turkish economy using the ARDL bounds testing approach. The results obtained from the analysis show that exports of high-tech products, R&D expenditures, and changes in the number of firms positively affect employment, whereas, contrary to expectations, the number of domestic patent applications seems to affect it negatively.

Küçükkoç, İbrahim (Balikesir Author) ; This paper addresses to the facility location problem of ammunition stores considering the design of distribution network from stores to geographically dispersed army forces. The problem is to determine the construction sites of the ammunition stores among candidate sites and to give the decision on how many stores will be built from which kind. The problem also contains designing of a distribution network to concurrently determine the amounts of several military equipment transported from stores to army forces. A mathematical model is proposed to minimize the cost of the whole system, caused by the construction of the ammunition stores and the transportation of different equipment in diverse quantities from stores to dispersed army forces. The model is then improved progressively and several variants are presented to reflect the real-world conditions through a case study. Numerical results obtained from solving the case study using the proposed models coded in General Algebraic Modelling System (GAMS) are exhibited. The effect of the size of problem specific parameters on the model execution time is also investigated via experimental tests. The results demonstrate the promising problem-solving capacity of the proposed models, which can be applied practically.

The Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) is the first Common Policy of the European Union (EU). It was established in the late 1950's, but came into force in 1962. Its primary aim was to overcome food shortage problems after the Second World War. Therefore, the CAP introduced price support measures, eventually resulting in surplus production. This meant a financial burden for the EU budget as the reduction of surplus required export subsidies, which distorted international agricultural trade. In many reform efforts, the main idea was to reduce surplus of reduction, to replace price support with direct payments and to prepare the EU agricultural trade negotiations led by the World Trade Organisation (WTO). But making fundamental change in the CAP has not been straightforward. This study identifies three main reasons why the realization of the CAP reform has been elusive and taken such a long time: conflict of national interests, farm lobbying and the structure of the EU-policy making. Net contributing countries such as Germany and the UK opposed to subsidise the agricultural sectors of net recipient countries such as France. As European farmers were heavily reliant on subsidies, farm lobbyists opposed even the smallest reform to the CAP. Since one institution has not been given total power to play a decisive role in the decision making process, making fundamental change in the CAP has not been trivial so far, nor can it be easy in the near future. ; Publisher's Version

Döviz kuru değişimlerinin reel sektör üzerindeki etkisi sadece ulusal para değer kayıplarının neden olduğu genişletici bir rekabetçi etki ile sınırlı değildir. Özellikle yüksek düzeyde döviz cinsinden borcu olan, yani borç dolarizasyonu yaşayan şirketler için bilanço etkisi büyük bir risk kaynağıdır. Döviz kuru artışları, borçların ulusal para cinsinden değerini artırarak riskleri artırabilir. Türk reel sektörü de yüksek borç dolarizasyonu ve ulusal para değer kayıpları nedeniyle önemli bilanço kaynaklı risklerle karşı karşıyadır. Bu çalışmada borç dolarizasyonu ve döviz kuru değişimlerinin sektörel performansın en temel göstergesi olan yatırımlar üzerindeki etkisi araştırılmakta, Türkiye için 2009-2022 dönemine ilişkin 76 alt sektör verisinden yararlanılarak "bilanço etkisi" ve "rekabetçi etki" kanalları GMM tahmincisi ile analiz edilmektedir. Elde edilen bulgulara göre, kısa vadeli döviz cinsi borçlardan kaynaklı olarak reel sektör anlamlı bir negatif bilanço etkisine maruz kalırken, uzun vadeli döviz cinsi borçların yatırımlar üzerinde anlamlı etkileri bulunamamıştır. Rekabetçi etki kanalına ilişkin de anlamlı bulgular söz konusu değildir. Dolayısıyla Türk reel sektörünün bilançosundaki kırılganlıklar, politik karar alıcılar açısından Türk lirasının değerindeki beklenmedik kayıplardan kaçınmayı gerekli kılmaktadır.