Suchergebnisse

Using the first (1987‐1988) and second (1992‐1994) waves of the National Survey of Families and Households, this study examines the concurrent and longitudinal influences of interparental conflict and parent‐child conflict on child and adolescent adjustment. Analyses focus on 542 intact families, each with a randomly selected focal child aged 5 to 11 at time 1 and aged 10 to 17 at time 2. Results indicate that both parent‐child and parent‐adolescent conflict are critical predictors of children's and adolescents'socioemotional adjustment. Interparental conflict, by contrast, is less important for adjustment in middle and late childhood as well as in adolescence. The findings extend previous research by suggesting that the salience and threat of interparental conflict subside as children make the transition into adolescence.

The social network form, density, age heterophily, mean length of time known, % kin, & % friend of persons currently married & those who are not (widowed, divorced, or never married) are examined in a full probability sample of English-speaking adults drawn from the 1985 General Social Survey. It is found that networks of the widowed are similar to those of married respondents, although more dense & kin centered, & that networks of wide range that offer more instrumental utility are lacking, implying a very different network of resources from that of the divorced & never married. Networks of females are more kin & friend centered than male networks but are not contingent on marital status. The importance of a network-building process occurring after divorce is noted. 1 Table, 26 References. V. Wagener

Elections constitute a principal avenue of citizen involvement in political life, and knowledge of their effects on public attitudes towards the polity and the role of the individual therein has important implications for theories of democratic governance. One sucli attitude is political efficacy, 'the feeling that individual political action does have, or can have, an impact on the political process'. Although many studies have documented that political efficacy is positively associated with electoral participation, the causal mechanisms involved are not well understood. Most researchers have simply assumed that the 'causal arrow' runs from efficacy to participation, i.e. from the attitude to the behaviour. Investigations of the hypothesis that the behaviour (participation) affects the attitude (efficacy) are rare. Rarer still are enquiries focusing on the impact of election outcomes on efficacy, and studies that examine both effects are virtually non-existent. In this Note covariance structure analysis is used to investigate the effects of voting, campaign activity and the outcomes of the 1984 national elections on political efficacy in the American electorate.

A clarification of the effects of unemployment on political participation attitudes & behaviors is developed by contrasting the effect of unemployment experience across categories of SES. Data on employed (N = 639) & unemployed (N = 244) heads of household are drawn from the 1976 U of Mich national presidential election survey. The results indicate both main & interaction effects. Regardless of employment status, lower SES Rs are less committed to voting, feel less efficacious, are less interested in politics, & are less politically active than persons of higher SES. However, participation attitudes & behaviors are more adversely affected by unemployment experience among those of lower than higher status. Among higher SES Rs, attitudes toward self (ie, feelings of efficacy) & political interest -- but not political activity or attitude toward the importance of participation -- are altered by unemployment. 3 Tables, 1 Figure. Modified HA.