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Vor dem Hintergrund der historischen und politischen Analyse des Zweiten Weltkriegs vom Juni 1941 an, wird die Annäherung Großbritanniens an die UdSSR erläutert. Sie spiegelte sich in zahlreichen pro-sowjetischen Veranstaltungen und Spendenaktionen. Emigrierte deutsche Kommunisten versuchten, den ideologischen Kampf gegen das Hitler-Regime von London aus zu schüren. Der von ihnen gegründete "Freie Deutsche Kulturbund" (FDKB) setzte sich für die Einheit der antifaschistischen Kräfte ein. Ziele, Aufgaben, Veranstaltungen und antifaschistische Bemühungen des FDKB in der Zeit von 1938 bis 1945 werden detailliert erläutert. Bis 1943 hat die britische Asylantenpolitik den Handlungsspielraum des FDKB stark eingeschränkt. Erst ab 1943 wurden Exilbürgern politische Aktivitäten ermöglicht. (RR)

Eine der wichtigsten Leistungen, die Eltern für ihre erwachsenen Kinder erbringen,
ist die Unterstützung bei der Kinderbetreuung. Großeltern stellen insbesondere für
erwerbstätige Eltern mit kleinen Kindern und für Alleinerziehende eine wichtige Form
der Kinderbetreuung dar, die mit hoher zeitlicher Flexibilität, großer Zuneigung und
ohne Entgelt erbracht wird. Auch wenn die durchschnittliche Haushaltsgröße kontinuierlich
sinkt, ist die Zahl der multilokalen, d. h. haushaltsübergreifenden, Mehrgenerationenfamilien
so hoch wie noch nie in der Geschichte der Familie. Über 50% der
Bevölkerung hat nach eigenen Angaben eine Familie, die drei Generationen umfasst
(vgl. BMFSFJ 2010: 26). Aufgrund der gestiegenen Lebenserwartung steht Großeltern
und ihren Enkeln mehr gemeinsame Lebenszeit zur Verfügung als je zuvor. Gleichzeitig
haben die heutigen Großeltern aufgrund des anhaltenden Geburtenrückgangs
vergleichsweise wenige Enkelkinder, was der einzelnen Großeltern-Enkel-Beziehung
besondere Wichtigkeit verleiht.

Educational expansion, the massive increase of women's labor force participation, and assortative mating have reduced asymmetries in educational achievements and in career resources between women and men in virtually every Western society. This paper provides an analysis of the association between partners' education, parenthood, and spouses' relative labor supply in East and West Germany. Education is considered from two angles: as an indicator for resources on the labor market or as an indicator for gender attitudes. We apply cross-sectional data from the 2011 German Microcensus, comprising 57,366 couple households. For our estimations, we use General Linear Models. Because of high case numbers, we are able to estimate several interaction effects in statistical powerful detail. We find that (1) a woman's share of paid work is higher, the higher she is educated; (2) women with higher education than their male partners realize higher shares of relative employment (in comparison to other women); (3) women rarely realize a share of 50% or higher on average in any educational composition; (4) especially young children have a huge impact on women's labor supply; and (5) women's comparative educational advantages are more important for their share of paid work in West than in East Germany. Neither interpretation of relative education can explain the overall picture of couples' division of paid work alone. Depending on parenthood, the age of the youngest child in the household, and the regional context, either normative, or economic exchanges between partners seem to drive the association between relative education, and relative labor supply of women. We demonstrate the usefulness of two theoretical approaches of framing education as an explanatory concept.

Mit Jahresbeginn 2000 wurde seitens des AMS Wien eine neue Form der Regelbetreuung für Kurzzeitarbeitslose implementiert. Als zentrale Ziele wurden eine frühzeitige Aktivierung von 'neu' arbeitslos gewordenen Personen und in der Folge eine Verringerung der Übertritte in die Langzeitarbeitslosigkeit angepeilt. Um diese Ziele zu erreichen, setzte das Programm Jobcoaching 2000 auf drei neue Aktivierungsmomente.

Spotlights on Contemporary Family Life covers four issues of cross-cutting importance to families Structures and forms of families: issues relating to a diversification of families away from the 'traditional nuclear family form' are relatively uncontroversial from an academic perspective, but much more so for policy makers and family associations. Chapter 1 provides a thorough overview of the state of contemporary European families. Solidarities in families: too often the issue of an 'ageing society' is simply reduced to the problem of over-burdening social care systems, but longevity also represents opportunities for new kinds of solidarities inside families and family networks, and new relations between family members – not to mention the satisfaction felt by people who can continue to live fulfilling and rewarding lives long after they're considered 'elderly'. Chapter 2 gives voice to authors who identify these new opportunities and challenges. Demographic change: women are having fewer children and having them later in life. Having children is now a conscious decision and fertility rates have declined below the level required to sustain our current populations. At the same time we witness the 'greying' of Europe, which brings with it a whole host of opportunities and challenges. Chapter 3 raises important issues for policy makers today. Volunteering: inspired by family associations who could not survive without the support of volunteers, this chapter gives an overview of what's known - and what isn't - about volunteering. Coinciding with the European Year of Volunteering 2011, this chapter takes a timely look at the efforts that families put into volunteering across Europe and the important benefits that Europe gains from all of this combined voluntary effort. Linden Farrer and William Lay work for the Confederation of Family Organisations in the European Union (COFACE). This publication was produced by FAMILYPLATFORM, a project funded by the European Commission.

Spotlights on Contemporary Family Life covers four issues of cross-cutting importance to families Structures and forms of families: issues relating to a diversification of families away from the 'traditional nuclear family form' are relatively uncontroversial from an academic perspective, but much more so for policy makers and family associations. Chapter 1 provides a thorough overview of the state of contemporary European families. Solidarities in families: too often the issue of an 'ageing society' is simply reduced to the problem of over-burdening social care systems, but longevity also represents opportunities for new kinds of solidarities inside families and family networks, and new relations between family members – not to mention the satisfaction felt by people who can continue to live fulfilling and rewarding lives long after they're considered 'elderly'. Chapter 2 gives voice to authors who identify these new opportunities and challenges. Demographic change: women are having fewer children and having them later in life. Having children is now a conscious decision and fertility rates have declined below the level required to sustain our current populations. At the same time we witness the 'greying' of Europe, which brings with it a whole host of opportunities and challenges. Chapter 3 raises important issues for policy makers today. Volunteering: inspired by family associations who could not survive without the support of volunteers, this chapter gives an overview of what's known - and what isn't - about volunteering. Coinciding with the European Year of Volunteering 2011, this chapter takes a timely look at the efforts that families put into volunteering across Europe and the important benefits that Europe gains from all of this combined voluntary effort. Linden Farrer and William Lay work for the Confederation of Family Organisations in the European Union (COFACE). This publication was produced by FAMILYPLATFORM, a project funded by the European Commission.