Influence of the accumulation chamber insertion depth to measure surface radon exhalation rates
A common method to measure radon exhalation rates relies on the accumulation chamber technique. Usually, this approach only considers one-dimensional gas transport within the soil that neglects lateral diffusion. However, this lateral transport could reduce the reliability of the method. In this work, several cylindricalshaped accumulation chambers were built with different heights to test if the insertion depth of the chamber into the soil improves the reliability of the method and, in that case, if it could limit the radon lateral diffusion effects. To check this hypothesis in laboratory, two reference exhalation boxes were manufactured using phosphogypsum from a repository located nearby the city of Huelva, in the southwest of Spain. Laboratory experiments showed that insertion depth had a deep impact in reducing the effective decay constant of the system, extending the interval where the linear fitting can be applied, and consistently obtaining reliable exhalation measurements once a minimum insertion depth is employed. Field experiments carried out in the phosphogypsum repository showed that increasing the insertion depth could reduce the influence of external effects, increasing the repeatability of the method. These experiments provided a method to obtain consistent radon exhalation measurements over the phosphogypsum repository. ; This research was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities, by the project 'Fluxes of radionuclides emitted by the PG piles located at Huelva; assessment of the dispersion, radiological risks and remediation proposals' (Ref.: CTM2015-68628-R) and the Junta de Andalucía Regional Government by the project "Basic processes regulating the fractionation and enrichment of natural radionuclides under Acid Mine Drainage" (Ref.: UHU-1255876). Special thanks are given to Antonio Padilla for his invaluable technical support and know-how.