In a small business, personal initiative and respon sibility for end business results of each individual employee are important. The methodo logies used in large businesses that encourage employees to economize company's resources and take more responsibility of their work do not work in small businesses. This gives rise to a problem f or scientists solve. Solving this problem would assi st business consultants in applying appropriate entrep reneurship methodologies to stimulate responsible behavior in work environment. The aim of the study is to formulate the criteria of entrepreneurship development methodologies selection after revealing entrepreneurship development assumptions. As a context of the study, a description of entrepreneur ship provided in the European Parliament and Board Recommendations on common longlife learning abilit ies (2006/962/EB) was chosen – "an entrepreneurial attitude is characterized by initia tive, proactivity, independence and innovation in personal and social life, as much as at work". In this publication, authors present the entreprene urship development tendencies, entrepreneurial activity and social responsibility connection as we ll as entrepreneurship development methods selectio n criteria which were identified during the study con ducted in Lithuania during years 2011 to 2014.
Immigration is now a prominent feature in the economic, social, and political reality of many European countries. Rising economic integration, varying demographics, sex equality, growing technological progress, migration policy and standards unification between countries, etc., are the factors that best determine international migration. Assessments on emigration particularly have been discrepant. In recent years the emigration scale of Lithuanian residents has been so great that it directly determines structural changes in society and influences social, cultural, political areas. The positive effects induced by migration such as decrease in unemployment, experience gain, does not overpower conditional problems of emigration. Majority of emigrants are young people therefore disproportion in demographic structure is formed whilst some economic sectors lack manpower, particularly highly qualified specialists. It is very important to identify determinants of migration and employ appropriate public policy measures. After analyzing the causes that the article indicates for migration of Lithuanian residents following scientific sources, statistics and empirical research, the forming factors for migration processes have been set. Empirical studies confirm findings of many researchers that economic factors are very significant to the migration processes. It is found that the annual disposable income and the average wage in the country play a key role in the immigration processes. Proposals for possible solutions have been submitted.
Changing external conditions, needs of market and customers are correcting performance of organization's performance therefore every leader has to assess the changes and to create favourable internal conditions to reach objectives1. Leader authorizes employees for activity, determines policy and objectives of quality creates organization's strategy, takes care of management of resources, training of employees, infrastructure and working environment, and performs assessing analysis that helps to take decisions and perform activities as well as to use the possibilities to reach the objectives better. Management of organization and its activity is successful when all processes having place in it are systemic and clear, and organization's activity is directional. Success can be reached by implementing and monitoring management system which is created in order to improve constantly the results of organization's performance in accordance to the needs of all parts interested. Thus, this article is striving for determination of the results of assessment of performance of leaders of police organization and the organization's results oriented towards employees according to the partial criteria presented in methodology of CAF. ; Kintančios išorinės sąlygos, rinkos ir vartotojų poreikiai koreguoja organizacijos veiklą, todėl kiekvienas vadovas turi įvertinti pokyčius ir kurti palankias vidaus sąlygas tikslams pasiekti. Vadovas suteikia įgaliojimus darbuotojams veikti, nustato kokybės politiką ir tikslus, kuria organizacijos strategiją, rūpinasi išteklių vadyba, darbuotojų ugdymu, infrastruktūra ir darbo aplinka, atlieka vertinamąją analizę, kuri padeda priimti sprendimus ir atlikti veiksmus bei geriau panaudoti galimybes siekti tikslų. Vadovavimas organizacijai ir jos veikla sėkmingi, kai visi joje vykstantys procesai sistemingi ir skaidrūs, o organizacijos veikla kryptinga. Sėkmė pasiekiama, įgyvendinant ir prižiūrint vadybos sistemą, kuri sukurta tam, kad būtų nuolat gerinami organizacijos veiklos rezultatai, atsižvelgiant į visų suinteresuotų šalių poreikius. Todėl šiuo straipsniu siekiama nustatyti policijos organizacijos vadovų veiklos vertinimo rezultatus ir į darbuotojus orientuotus organizacijos rezultatus pagal BVM metodikoje pateiktus dalinius kriterijus.
Immigration is now a prominent feature in the economic, social, and political reality of many European countries. Rising economic integration, varying demographics, sex equality, growing technological progress, migration policy and standards unification between countries, etc., are the factors that best determine international migration. Assessments on emigration particularly have been discrepant. In recent years the emigration scale of Lithuanian residents has been so great that it directly determines structural changes in society and influences social, cultural, political areas. The positive effects induced by migration such as decrease in unemployment, experience gain, does not overpower conditional problems of emigration. Majority of emigrants are young people therefore disproportion in demographic structure is formed whilst some economic sectors lack manpower, particularly highly qualified specialists. It is very important to identify determinants of migration and employ appropriate public policy measures. After analyzing the causes that the article indicates for migration of Lithuanian residents following scientific sources, statistics and empirical research, the forming factors for migration processes have been set. Empirical studies confirm findings of many researchers that economic factors are very significant to the migration processes. It is found that the annual disposable income and the average wage in the country play a key role in the immigration processes. Proposals for possible solutions have been submitted.
In a small business, personal initiative and respon sibility for end business results of each individual employee are important. The methodo logies used in large businesses that encourage employees to economize company's resources and take more responsibility of their work do not work in small businesses. This gives rise to a problem f or scientists solve. Solving this problem would assi st business consultants in applying appropriate entrep reneurship methodologies to stimulate responsible behavior in work environment. The aim of the study is to formulate the criteria of entrepreneurship development methodologies selection after revealing entrepreneurship development assumptions. As a context of the study, a description of entrepreneur ship provided in the European Parliament and Board Recommendations on common longlife learning abilit ies (2006/962/EB) was chosen – "an entrepreneurial attitude is characterized by initia tive, proactivity, independence and innovation in personal and social life, as much as at work". In this publication, authors present the entreprene urship development tendencies, entrepreneurial activity and social responsibility connection as we ll as entrepreneurship development methods selectio n criteria which were identified during the study con ducted in Lithuania during years 2011 to 2014.
In a small business, personal initiative and responsibility for end business results of each individual employee are important. The methodologies used in large businesses that encourage employees to economize company's resources and take more responsibility of their work do not work in small businesses. This gives rise to a problem for scientists solve. Solving this problem would assist business consultants in applying appropriate entrepreneurship methodologies to stimulate responsible behavior in work environment. The aim of the study is to formulate the criteria of entrepreneurship development methodologies selection after revealing entrepreneurship development assumptions. As a context of the study, a description of entrepreneurship provided in the European Parliament and Board Recommendations on common long_life learning abilities (2006/962/EB) was chosen – "an entrepreneurial attitude is characterized by initiative, proactivity, independence and innovation in personal and social life, as much as at work". In this publication, authors present the entrepreneurship development tendencies, entrepreneurial activity and social responsibility connection as well as entrepreneurship development methods selection criteria which were identified during the study conducted in Lithuania during years 2011 to 2014. ; Vykdant smulkųjį verslą, svarbu yra kiekvieno darbuotojo asmeninė iniciatyva ir atsakomybė už galutinius veiklos rezultatus. Smulkiajame versle netinka metodai, naudojami stambiajame versle, kurie skatina darbuotojus taupyti įmonės išteklius ir prisiimti didesnę atsakomybę už savo darbą. Tai mokslininkams iškelia problemą. Išsprendus šią problemą, verslo konsultantai galės lengviau taikyti tinkamus verslo ugdymo metodus, kurie skatintų atsakingą elgesį darbo aplinkoje. Tyrimo tikslas _ atskleidus verslumo ugdymo prielaidas, suformuluoti verslumo ugdymo metodikų parinkimo kriterijus. Kaip tiriamojo darbo kontekstas, buvo pasirinktas Europos Parlamento ir Tarybos rekomendacijose dėl bendrų mokymosi visą gyvenimą gabumų (2006/962/EB) pateiktas verslumo aprašymas – "verslumo aspektas yra apibūdinamas iniciatyva, veiksnumu, nepriklausomybe ir naujumu asmeniniame bei socialiniame gyvenime, taip pat darbe". Šioje publikacijoje autorės pristato ryšių tarp verslumo vystymosi tendencijų, verslo veiklos ir socialinės atsakomybės bei verslumo vystymosi metodų parinkimo kriterijus, kurie buvo nustatyti tiriamojo darbo metu. Verslo pasaulyje naudojama daug metodų ir priemonių, kurie skatina darbuotojus taupyti įmonės resursus ir prisiimti daugiau atsakomybės už savo darbo rezultatus. Didelės verslo organizacijos dažnai apibrėžia savo atsakomybės sritis pagal tarptautinį socialinės atsakomybės standartą ISO 26000. Jie taip pat taiko kokybės vadybos metodikas _ LEAN, 6 Sigma, ISO 9000 ir kitus siekiant skatinti savo darbuotojus nustatyti ir imtis veiksmų savo darbo aplinkoje, pašalinant gamybos proceso dalis, kurios nesukuria vertės. Tačiau šios priemonės labiau tinka didelėms verslo organizacijoms, kuriose vykdomi sudėtiniai ir išplėstiniai gamybos procesai ir kuriose yra specializuotos darbo vietos. Lietuvos statistikos departamento duomenims, 2015 metais 79 % versle dirbo mažiau nei 10 darbuotojų. Per pastaruosius penkerius metus, daugiau nei 5000 verslininkų pradėjo naują smulkųjį verslą. Smulkiajame versle svarbu yra kiekvieno darbuotojo asmeninė iniciatyva ir atsakomybė už galutinius veiklos rezultatus. Tai mokslininkams iškelia problemą. Išsprendus šią problemą, verslo konsultantai galės lengviau taikyti verslo vystymo metodus ir verslo veiklas, kurie skatintų atsakingą elgesį darbo aplinkoje prisitaikant prie naujų ekonominių, technologinių, ekologinių ir socialinių iššūkių. Tiriamojo darbo tikslas yra atskleidus verslumo ugdymo prielaidas, suformuluoti verslumo ugdymo metodikų parinkimo kriterijus. Šiam tikslui pasiekti išanalizuoti kelių Lietuvoje atliktų mokslo studijų verslumo ugdymo ir socialinės atsakomybės aktualijomis rezultatai. Apžvelgus verslumo ugdymo Lietuvoje situaciją, jos teisines prielaidas įvardintos verslumo ugdymo ir socialinės atsakomybės sąsajos. Verslumo ugdymo poreikis tirtas 2011 _ 2014 m. vykdant įvairaus amžiaus grupių Lietuvos gyventojų apklausą. Šio tyrimo rezultatų pagrindu suformuluoti verslumo ugdymo metodikų parinkimo kriterijai. Apibendrinus atlikto tyrimo rezultatus galima išskirti keletą prielaidų verslumo ugdymo metodikų parinkimo kriterijams suformuluoti. Tyrimų rezultatai leidžia daryti prielaidą, kad bendros socialinės atsakomybės, kaip komunikacijos tarp skirtingą verslinio aktyvumo patirtį turinčių samdomą darbą dirbančių ir versline veikla užsiimančių visuomenės narių, kontekste tikslingos į skirtingų lygių rezultatus orientuoti verslumo ugdymo modeliai ir metodikos. Neturintiems verslinės patirties verslumo ugdymo proceso dalyviams tikslinga taikyti I.Ajzen (1991), A.V. Bhide (2000), W. Greve (2001) suformuluotą planuoto elgesio modelį, kuriame akcentuojamas verslo ketinimų ir verslininko veiklos integravimo bei aplinkos ir verslumo ryšys. Verslumo ugdymo procesas orientuojamas į idėjų generavimą, projekto rengimą, verslo vystymą11. Verslinės patirties turinčių verslininkų kompetencijų tolesniam ugdymui tikslinga verslumo ugdymo metodikas parinkti vadovaujantis I. Jamieson (1984), T. Garavan ir B. O. Cinneide (1994) suformuluotomis verslumo ugdymo kryptimis arba kategorijomis, kurios apima pasitikėjimo ugdymą, verslininko rengimą individualiai karjerai ir vadovavimo įmonei tobulinimą, orientuojantis į verslo augimo ir verslo vystymo užtikrinimą. Verslumo ugdymas yra atsakingas edukacinis vadybinis procesas, kuriame dalyvauja skirtingus vaidmenis atliekantys veikėjai. Verslumo ugdymo projektus iniciatoriai ir įgyvendintojai turi atsakingai segmentuoti projektų dalyvių ir besimokančiųjų grupes bei tikslingai parinkti mokymo turinį bei metodus. Neturintiems verslinės patirties verslumo ugdymo proceso dalyviams verslumo ugdymo procesas turėtų skatinti idėjų generavimą, projekto rengimą, padėti suvokti verslo vystymo kryptis. Verslinės patirties turinčių verslininkų kompetencijų tolesniam ugdymui tikslinga parinkti verslumo ugdymo metodikas, apimančias pasitikėjimo ugdymą, verslininko rengimą individualiai karjerai ir vadovavimo įmonei tobulinimą. Verslumo ugdytojams tikslinga verslumo ugdymo procesą pagrįsti socialinės atsakomybės gerosios patirties pavyzdžiais, nukreiptais į atsakingo požiūrio į veiklos rezultatus formavimą.
The greatest attention in economical policy of the European Union is paid to the youth work motivation and encouragement of their entrepreneurial activity. The research is supposed by the striving named in the priorities of the EU Youth strategy to create more possibilities and warranty equal possibilities for all young people in education area and labour market and encourage active public spirit, social coverage and solidarity of all youth during the period till the year 2018. The EU and its separate members as well as Lithuania created different economical and political instruments for implementation of this striving. A success of their use, however, depends on wishes, goals, activity and motivation of every young person. Topicality of studies of youth value principles, entrepreneurship activity is called by youth unemployment, lack of activity, international migration. The research aim is after having identified value principles of youth to define their significance for entrepreneurial activity. During the research there was identified the connection between attitude towards entrepreneurial characteristics and value principles and named peculiarities of determining factors on youth entrepreneurial activity. Structural analysis of respondents' attitude towards priorities of value principles revealed that personal satisfaction in entrepreneurial activity for young people is more important than public acknowledgement. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.ppaa.12.3.5295 ; Europos Sąjungos ekonominėje politikoje daugiausia dėmesio skiriama jaunimo darbo motyvacijai ir jo verslumui skatinti. Tyrime nustatyta, kad siekiama (tai įvardyta ES Jaunimo strategijos prioritetuose) iki 2018 m. sukurti daugiau galimybių ir užtikrinti lygias galimybes visiems jaunuoliams švietimo srityje ir darbo rinkoje, taip pat skatinti visų jaunuolių aktyvų pilietiškumą, socialinę aprėptį ir solidarumą. Šiam siekiui įgyvendinti ES ir atskiros jos narės, taip pat Lietuva yra sukūrusios įvairių ekonominių ir politinių priemonių. Tačiau jų ...
The greatest attention in economical policy of the European Union is paid to the youth work motivation and encouragement of their entrepreneurial activity. The research is supposed by the striving named in the priorities of the EU Youth strategy to create more possibilities and warranty equal possibilities for all young people in education area and labour market and encourage active public spirit, social coverage and solidarity of all youth during the period till the year 2018. The EU and its separate members as well as Lithuania created different economical and political instruments for implementation of this striving. A success of their use, however, depends on wishes, goals, activity and motivation of every young person. Topicality of studies of youth value principles, entrepreneurship activity is called by youth unemployment, lack of activity, international migration. The research aim is after having identified value principles of youth to define their significance for entrepreneurial activity. During the research there was identified the connection between attitude towards entrepreneurial characteristics and value principles and named peculiarities of determining factors on youth entrepreneurial activity. Structural analysis of respondents' attitude towards priorities of value principles revealed that personal satisfaction in entrepreneurial activity for young people is more important than public acknowledgement. ; Europos Sąjungos ekonominėje politikoje daugiausia dėmesio skiriama jaunimo darbo motyvacijai ir jo verslumui skatinti. Tyrime nustatyta, kad siekiama (tai įvardyta ES Jaunimo strategijos prioritetuose) iki 2018 m. sukurti daugiau galimybių ir užtikrinti lygias galimybes visiems jaunuoliams švietimo srityje ir darbo rinkoje, taip pat skatinti visų jaunuolių aktyvų pilietiškumą, socialinę aprėptį ir solidarumą. Šiam siekiui įgyvendinti ES ir atskiros jos narės, taip pat Lietuva yra sukūrusios įvairių ekonominių ir politinių priemonių. Tačiau jų panaudojimo sėkmė priklauso nuo kiekvieno jauno žmogaus norų, siekių, aktyvumo, motyvacijos. Tai, kad jaunimo vertybinių nuostatų, verslumo skatinimo tyrimai aktualūs, lemia jaunimo nedarbas, aktyvumo stoka, tarptautinė migracija. Tyrimo tikslas – apibrėžti jaunimo vertybinių nuostatų svarbą verslumo skatinimui. Atliekant tyrimą, nustatytos požiūrio į verslines savybes ir vertybinių nuostatų sąsajos, įvardyti jaunimo verslumo skatinimą lemiančių veiksnių ypatumai. Respondentų požiūrio į verslines savybes pagal vertybinių nuostatų prioritetus struktūrinė analizė parodė, kad asmeninis pasitenkinimas versline veikla jauniems žmonėms yra svarbesnis nei visuomeninis pripažinimas. Tyrimo rezultatai rodo, kad jauni žmonės labiau dėmesį sutelkia į galutinius verslo rodiklius nei į konkurenciją rinkoje kaip verslinės veiklos procesą. Tai abejotina vertybinė nuostata, kuri jauno žmogaus neskatina būti aktyviam, rizikuoti ir ryžtis ilgam versliniam procesui.
The modern world is bound not only by global flows of information, capital, services, and movement of goods and people but also by the wide range of opportunities to exert both positive and negative effects on these flows. Already, most of the aforementioned global flows, stationary and variable objects are protected (organized, coordinated, controlled) by digital technology and in the foreseeable future digitization will encompass the most diverse aspects and processes of existence. Access to the development, deployment, management and use of relevant digital technologies has expanded to such an extent that it has become virtually difficult and even impossible to provide timely protection against a wide range of actors, ranging from unauthorized specialized gathering to varying degrees of security. The development of information technology, which increasingly embraces various aspects of the existence of different security entities, calls for a new rethink of the philosophical - ideological, political, economic, social and cultural foundations of public security. In recent decades human rights have dominated in the discourse of legal and political systems. Now the balance between protection of human rights and public safety in the context of digitalization imposes necessity to reflect the concept of fundamental rights once again. Keywords: Sustainable digitalization, public and private security, human rights
The modern world is bound not only by global flows of information, capital, services, and movement of goods and people but also by the wide range of opportunities to exert both positive and negative effects on these flows. Already, most of the aforementioned global flows, stationary and variable objects are protected (organized, coordinated, controlled) by digital technology and in the foreseeable future digitization will encompass the most diverse aspects and processes of existence. Access to the development, deployment, management and use of relevant digital technologies has expanded to such an extent that it has become virtually difficult and even impossible to provide timely protection against a wide range of actors, ranging from unauthorized specialized gathering to varying degrees of security. The development of information technology, which increasingly embraces various aspects of the existence of different security entities, calls for a new rethink of the philosophical - ideological, political, economic, social and cultural foundations of public security. In recent decades human rights have dominated in the discourse of legal and political systems. Now the balance between protection of human rights and public safety in the context of digitalization imposes necessity to reflect the concept of fundamental rights once again.
The modern world is bound not only by global flows of information, capital, services, and movement of goods and people but also by the wide range of opportunities to exert both positive and negative effects on these flows. Already, most of the aforementioned global flows, stationary and variable objects are protected (organized, coordinated, controlled) by digital technology and in the foreseeable future digitization will encompass the most diverse aspects and processes of existence. Access to the development, deployment, management and use of relevant digital technologies has expanded to such an extent that it has become virtually difficult and even impossible to provide timely protection against a wide range of actors, ranging from unauthorized specialized gathering to varying degrees of security. The development of information technology, which increasingly embraces various aspects of the existence of different security entities, calls for a new rethink of the philosophical - ideological, political, economic, social and cultural foundations of public security. In recent decades human rights have dominated in the discourse of legal and political systems. Now the balance between protection of human rights and public safety in the context of digitalization imposes necessity to reflect the concept of fundamental rights once again.
The modern world is bound not only by global flows of information, capital, services, and movement of goods and people but also by the wide range of opportunities to exert both positive and negative effects on these flows. Already, most of the aforementioned global flows, stationary and variable objects are protected (organized, coordinated, controlled) by digital technology and in the foreseeable future digitization will encompass the most diverse aspects and processes of existence. Access to the development, deployment, management and use of relevant digital technologies has expanded to such an extent that it has become virtually difficult and even impossible to provide timely protection against a wide range of actors, ranging from unauthorized specialized gathering to varying degrees of security. The development of information technology, which increasingly embraces various aspects of the existence of different security entities, calls for a new rethink of the philosophical - ideological, political, economic, social and cultural foundations of public security. In recent decades human rights have dominated in the discourse of legal and political systems. Now the balance between protection of human rights and public safety in the context of digitalization imposes necessity to reflect the concept of fundamental rights once again.
In today's era of rapid changes in societies and increased competition organizational values cannot remain the same as before because of demanding work conditions and public expectations. Since 1990, during the period of restored Lithuanian independence, the essential changes took place in the activity of public sector organizations in point of view of both management and values. The principles of management and government, attitude towards work, discipline and organizational inter-relationship have changed and are still changing essentially. For our study, we selected three public sector organizations – the police, school and municipality, because the changes of values taking place in these organizations should reflect the achievements and progress of modern Lithuanian society most clearly. The goals of the current paper are: a) to examine which organizational features may be perceived as top values for employees of each organization, b) to examine whether there are some common organizational features that employees distinguish as most essential despite the nature of the organization, and c) to evaluate how different organizational values are rated in each organization. The results of the study confirmed the hypothesis that all three organizations should have common organizational values that are common to all public sector organizations, but at the same time and solely their inherent values, shaped by the specifics of the activity and the mission of the organization.
