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ABSTRACTWage labour in Zimbabwe is most often associated with large commercial farms. The use of wage labour within 'peasant' agriculture has been rarely investigated and remains largely undocumented. In 1986/7, the author conducted research in Zimbabwe which was explicitly concerned with issues of rural economic differentiation and the wage labour supplied and hired by 'peasant' households. The data suggest that a dynamic labour market exists in rural Zimbabwe. Further, it was found that in addition to the many part‐time rural wage workers, there is a group of people who depend upon wages for all or the bulk of their income. These people, who have been largely ignored by policymakers, cannot be defined as farmers at all.

Intro -- Contents -- Dedication to Carolyn P. Collette - Arlyn Diamond -- Introduction: Medieval Women and Their Objects - Jenny Adams and Nancy Mason Bradbury -- Part 1 / Objects and Gender in a Material World -- Chapter 1 / The "Thyng Wommen Loven Moost": The Wife of Bath's Fabliau Answer - Susanna Fein -- Chapter 2 / Zenobia's Objects - Nancy Mason Bradbury -- Chapter 3 / The Object of Miraculous Song in "The Prioress's Tale" - Howell Chickering -- Part 2 / Buildings, Books, and Women's (Self-)Fashioning -- Chapter 4 / A Gift from the Queen: The Architecture of the Collège de Navarre in Paris - Michael T. Davis -- Chapter 5 / Anne of Bohemia and the Objects of Ricardian Kingship - Lynn Staley -- Chapter 6 / Royal Biography as Reliquary: Christine de Pizan's Livre des Fais et bonnes meurs du sage roy Charles V - Nadia Margolis -- Chapter 7 / A Gift, a Mirror, a Memorial: The Psalter-Hours of Mary de Bohun - Jill C. Havens -- Chapter 8 / "Parchment and Pure Flesh": Elizabeth de Vere, Countess of the Twelfth Earl of Oxford, and Her Book - Jocelyn Wogan-Browne -- Part 3 / Bodies, Objects, and Objects in the Shape of Bodies -- Chapter 9 / Objects of the Law: The Cases of Dorigen and Virginia - Eleanor Johnson -- Chapter 10 / Galatea's Pulse: Objects, Ethics, and Jean de Meun's Conclusion - Robert R. Edwards -- Chapter 11 / Transgender and the Chess Queen in Chaucer's Book of the Duchess - Jenny Adams -- Chapter 12 / Statues, Bodies, and Souls: St. Cecilia and Some Medieval Attitudes toward Ancient Rome - C. David Benson -- Contributors -- Index.

The Chinese state's commitment to improve teaching quality in rural regions is a key component of national efforts to close the rural-urban education gap. In this paper, we investigate an understudied but critical dimension of quality teaching: teacher expectations. We employ longitudinal data gathered in Gansu Province in 2000 and 2007 to first examine whether teacher expectations for rural youth are conditioned by students' social origin and teacher background characteristics. Next, we determine the predictive accuracy of their expectations. Our results highlight the ways in which teacher expectations condition the sorting of rural children among different schooling tracks with distinct life trajectories. Significantly, teachers are more likely to hold lower expectations for students from disadvantaged backgrounds. In addition, non-local teachers hold lower expectations for rural children compared to local teachers. Finally, a low percentage of teachers expect students to enrol in post-compulsory vocational education. We consider the implications of these results for both educational policy and social inequality. (China Q/GIGA)

AbstractThe Chinese state's commitment to improve teaching quality in rural regions is a key component of national efforts to close the rural–urban education gap. In this paper, we investigate an understudied but critical dimension of quality teaching: teacher expectations. We employ longitudinal data gathered in Gansu Province in 2000 and 2007 to first examine whether teacher expectations for rural youth are conditioned by students' social origin and teacher background characteristics. Next, we determine the predictive accuracy of their expectations. Our results highlight the ways in which teacher expectations condition the sorting of rural children among different schooling tracks with distinct life trajectories. Significantly, teachers are more likely to hold lower expectations for students from disadvantaged backgrounds. In addition, non-local teachers hold lower expectations for rural children compared to local teachers. Finally, a low percentage of teachers expect students to enrol in post-compulsory vocational education. We consider the implications of these results for both educational policy and social inequality.

Fundamental changes in China's finance system for social services have decentralized responsibilities for provision to lower levels of government and increased costs to individuals. The more localized, market-oriented approaches to social service provision, together with rising economic inequalities, raise questions about access to social services among China's children. With a multivariate analysis of three waves of the China Health and Nutrition Survey (1989, 1993 and 1997), this article investigates two dimensions of children's social welfare: health care, operationalized as access to health insurance, and education, operationalized as enrolment in and progress through school. Three main results emerge. First, analyses do not suggest an across-the-board decline in access to these child welfare services during the period under consideration. Overall, insurance rates, enrolment rates and grade-for-age attainment improved. Secondly, while results underscore the considerable disadvantages in insurance and education experienced by poorer children in each wave of the survey, there is no evidence that household socio-economic disparities systematically widened. Finally, findings suggest that community resources conditioned the provision of social services, and that dimensions of community level of development and capacity to finance public welfare increasingly mattered for some social services.

Through dialogue, this article explores the works of Sylvia Wynter to elicit some implications for science studies. In particular, we explore her analysis of the ideological construction of Man as the paradigm for humanity and how this structures the Othering or exclusion of non-White-cis-straight-men from the definition of human in the extant Western Colonial period. We also explore the ways such ideologies find expression in the logics of some central work of science studies. We discuss the ways her oeuvre articulates with science studies, especially research conducted from a postcolonial frame, especially in her notion of a "new science" or scientia. The article also explores her notion of the "pieza," the standardized black body of the slave trade, in relation to theories of objectivity and objectification. Finally, the dialogue considers the need to start with the writing, thinking, and scholarship of those writing from positions of exclusion, in struggle for liberation, and freedom, to recover the human within science studies.

Big Bang, the deregulation of the London Stock Exchange in October of 1986, was accompanied by changed industry structure, altered regulatory environment, and new trading practices. In particular, trading was automated, and the floor of the Exchange was rapidly abandoned. Such massive discontinuities have produced opportunities in other industries. Although they may prove temporary, opportunities are arising to seek competitive advantage in London. Given the information‐intensive nature of securities trading, and the great differences in resources and experience with technology enjoyed by different firms, many of these advantages will entail the use of information technology.