Suchergebnisse

The article discusses the main aspects and forms of socio-economic inequality in today's world, such as: wealth and income inequality, gender inequality, life-level and life-quality gaps between rural and urban people and workers from various branches of the national economy, educational inequality and poverty, inequality on the labour market, wealth inequality by age, digital inequality and stratification. It is emphasized that socio-economic inequality and polarization in any economic system, both national and global ones, occur due to objective factors and have positive (stimulating) effects. Clearly, it is not proper to measure inequality only by using traditional indicators, namely, GDP per capita, Gini coefficient, Kaitz index, etc., because they do not make it possible to reveal all the forms and threats under the conditions of current political and geo-economic transformations. The integral indices have been characterized through which socio-economic gaps can be assessed for qualitative parameters, including the Social Progress Index, the Quality of Life Index, and the Inclusive Development Index as the most complete and suitable tool for identifying inequalities at the national and global levels. The author has established the fact that wealth and income inequality is an essential but not the only aspect of inequality in today's world, and that all forms of inequality are linked by cause-and-effect relationships.The research paper provides a partial comparison and an analysis of the current state in Ukraine (by forms of inequality). It is pointed out that in recent years the issues of educational inequality and digital stratification have been among the main threats for the future socio-economic development. Overcoming the challenges will be possible through national and international poverty alleviation policies, aimed at increasing the inclusive development of the world's economies and leveling the activities of extractive institutions.

Introduction. The development of online commerce, which is gradually displacing the traditional one, is a clear trend of global economic transformations. Key aspects of e-commerce, such as online transactions, privacy and consumer protection, and customs clearance, need to be regulated at the international and national levels.The purpose of the article is to study the development of e-commerce in retail goods in the XXI century. in the context of assessing the completeness and effectiveness of international and domesticResearch methods. General scientific and special methods were used to study the legal aspects of e-commerce regulation, namely: analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, abstraction and concretization, description, characterization, generalization, comparison. The methodological basis for the study was international regulations (UN Laws, European Union Directives, Acts of International Organizations) and a list of laws of Ukraine on the regulation of the electronic sphere.Results. The analysis of indicators of e-commerce development on the world market is carried out, its rapid dynamics is pointed out. International initiatives to regulate e-commerce are considered. A comparison of aspects of legal regulation of e-commerce in Ukraine and the European Union is carried out. Conclusions are made on the completeness and degree of maturity of the institutional base. Emphasis was placed on the need to strengthen regulatory mechanisms in the field of e-commerce in order to create a modern institutional system adapted to the global and European.Perspectives. It is important to focus future research on the development of guidelines for determining the effectiveness of the implementation of initiatives to regulate e-commerce at the domestic and global levels.

Introduction. The development of bilateral relations in the context of globalization and European integration involves expanding the range of forms of cooperation, as well as those areas covered by cooperation. The implementation of medical reform in Ukraine necessitates the intensification of the exchange of experience in the medical field with other countries, including Poland. The rapid processes of digitalization against the background of the Kovid-19 pandemic determine the modernization of communication tools and cooperation in the field of health services.The purpose of the article is to study the state and prospects of exchange of experience in the field of medical services between Ukraine and Poland.Research methods. To achieve the goal set in the article, general scientific and special methods were used, namely: analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, abstraction and concretization, systematization, as well as elements of comparative analysis. The methodological basis for the study are national and international regulations of Ukraine and Poland, which regulate the functioning of health care and bilateral relations in the field of medical services, scientific works of domestic and foreign researchers, statistical reports and more.Results. The exchange of experience in the provision of medical services between Ukraine and Poland is carried out in a slightly different state of health care and taking into account Ukraine's integration intentions using tools such as conferences, seminars, webinars, academic mobility of scientists and students, bilateral agreements between medical institutions with the support of local governments and self-government, etc. Digitalization, on the one hand, expands opportunities for collaboration, and on the other - necessitates the need to improve the quality of technical equipment of hospitals and makes new demands on human capital. Improving the exchange of experience in the field of medical services is enhanced by receiving technical assistance from Polish partners, including under the auspices of international institutions, such as the EU, WHO, UNICEF, etc. Perspective areas are the introduction of the eHealth system in Ukraine, as well as the involvement of Polish specialists to modernize the management system in domestic health care facilities. The article details the recommendations for intensifying the exchange of experience between Ukraine and Poland in areas and tools.Perspectives. Future research is important to focus on an interdisciplinary analysis of the consequences of health care reform in Ukraine and Poland in the context of the impact on the well-being of citizens.

Introduction. Agrarian production plays an important role in ensuring Ukraine'seconomic growth and its establishing as a key player in the foreign economic arena. One of the most promising and problematic sectors of its is swine production, whose development has a significant impact on the well-being of the country and its citizens.Purpose. The purpose of the article is to study the problems and prospects of swine breeding in Ukraine as one of the most powerful branches of agriculture in the context of the impact on the welfare of consumers, producers and the country as a whole.Methods. In order to achieve the goal and intermediate tasks, the following methods of scientific research, such as analysis, synthesis, abstraction, scientific induction, etc. are used. The formation of the overall development of swine production in the context of the impact on the welfare of the population with the identification of interconnected factors is carried out on the basis of a systematic approach.Results. The article states that, as a rule, the impact of swine breeding on the welfare of different categories of population is controversial, as there are many factors that determine both positive and negative changes in the dynamics of the industry and in the indicators of well-being. In particular, the positive influence on the factor of innovations, introduction of new (European) standards of quality of output and production, activation of foreign economic activity, etc. is emphasized. At the same time, there are dangers for the development of swine breeding in general and the welfare of the population in particular are indicated. Thus, the most negative factors are defined: threats to the environment and human health; epizootic situation in Ukraine and neighboring countries; the expansion of agroholdings, which causes the decline of farms; low level of public financial support. Consequently, ambiguous prospects for the development of swine breeding in the near future are pointed out. A rational strategy for increasing the competitiveness of the industry should include measures to strengthen biosecurity, certification and quality control of products, product upgrades, including through attracting foreign investment and international assistance, and diversification of international economic relations.Discussion. In order to deepen the analysis of the problems of animal husbandry in Ukraine in general and swine production in particular, as well as to evaluate the prospects of European integration and implementation of other areas of international economic activity in this field, it is necessary to carefully study all rules and regulations of livestock trade, meat and meat products and to draw conclusions about compliance with national standards to these requirements.