Suchergebnisse

The place of religion and how it should be employed in education for citizenship is currently an issue in Europe. The challenges of increasing diversity are the underlying factors. The conception of maximal citizenship (a critical model of citizenship) gives a significant framework for analysis and scholarly perspectives about several European contexts on this matter. However, there is hardly maximal citizenship in Finnish contexts in scholarship. Hence, this work searches for the elements of maximal citizenship in educational policy for young people by employing the policy relating to citizenship in Finnish religious education (RE). Focusing on grades 7&ndash ; 9 of basic education, its primary data is based on selected national policy documents. The data were analysed using critical discourse analysis. The main findings suggest that citizenship in Finnish RE is only somewhat compatible with the characteristics of maximal citizenship. This reveals some policy shortcomings that could negatively affect the potential of critical-mindedness of young people and equal opportunities in a democracy. Hence, some suggestions that could improve the situation are embedded in the paper. Nevertheless, a linguistic conception of citizenship in Finland vis-à ; -vis a recent development in national educational policy seems to push the conception of maximal citizenship in a relatively new direction. Furthermore, an explicit use of the &ldquo ; Convention on the Rights of the Child&rdquo ; in Finnish curriculum broadens our conception of maximal citizenship in general. Moreover, while scholars agree that maximal citizenship is essentially &ldquo ; critical&rdquo ; this piece suggests that every &ldquo ; critical&rdquo ; approach to citizenship education is not necessarily &ldquo ; maximal&rdquo ; .

"This book introduces readers to the rich discipline of Africana Studies, reflecting on how it has developed over the last fifty years as an intellectual enterprise for knowledge production about Africa and the African diaspora. The African world has always had a wealth of indigenous knowledge systems, but for the greater part of the scholarly history, hegemonic Western epistemologies have denied the authenticity of African indigenous ways of knowing. The post-colonial era has seen steady and deliberate efforts to expand the frontiers of knowledge about black people and their societies, and to Africanize such bodies of knowledge in all fields of human endeavor. This book reflects on how the multidisciplinary discipline of Africana Studies has transformed and reinvented itself as it has sought to advance knowledge about the African world. The contributors consider the foundations of the discipline, its key theories and methods of knowledge production, and how it interacts with popular culture, women's studies, and other area studies such as Ethnic, and Afro-Latinix studies. Bringing together rich insights from across history, religion, literature, art, sociology, and philosophy, this book will be an important read for students and researchers of Africa and Africana Studies"--

Cover -- Half Title -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Original Title Page -- Original Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- List of Tables -- Preface -- Part One: Introduction -- 1 General Background to Indigenization: The Economic Dependence of Africa -- 2 Historical and Theoretical Background -- Part Two: Case Studies -- 3 Introduction -- 4 Egypt -- 5 Zambia -- 6 Ghana -- 7 Nigeria -- 8 Kenya -- 9 Tanzania -- 10 Ethiopia -- 11 Southern Africa -- 12 Senegal -- Part Three: Practical Problems -- 13 Foreign Direct Investment and African Political Economy -- 14 Administrative and Managerial Applications -- Part Four: Conclusion -- 15 Prospects and Limitations of Indigenization -- Further Reading -- Index.

Originally published in 1968, this book is of unique value because it provides first-hand information on Nigerian government and administration in action during the 2nd half of the 20th Century. Themes discussed include the evolution, organisation and structure of the civil services; the impact of politics on administration; interest groups; the politics of modernisation and its effect on the Administration; inter-class and inter-departmental conflicts in the public services; the contribution of politicians and administrators to national economic planning and the politics and administration of public corporations. The Nigerian experience is also compared with that of francophone West African countries, and the last chapter examines the future of Nigerian administration against the background of past experience.

Cover -- Half Title -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Original Title Page -- Original Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Table of Contents -- List of Tables -- List of Figures and Maps -- Foreword -- Preface -- 1 Introduction -- Purpose and Scope -- Political and Administrative Structure -- Federalism and Public Finance -- Principles of Fiscal Adjustment in a Federation -- 2 The Background to Federal Finance in Nigeria -- Historical, Political, and Constitutional -- Fiscal -- Economic -- 3 The Genesis of Federal Finance in Nigeria -- Fiscal Arrangements Under the Richards Constitution -- Evolving the Fiscal System: 1914-26 Compared with 1948-52 -- Central and Regional Finances, 1948-52 -- A Critique of the Derivation Principle -- Conclusions -- 4 The Nigerian Approach to Federal Finance -- First Moves: Quasi-Federalism, 1952-4 -- Fiscal System Under the 1951 Constitution -- Central-Regional Finances, 1952-4 -- Conclusions -- 5 Operation of Federal Finance in Nigeria: First Phase -- Emergence of Federal Finance -- Fiscal Implications of Regionalising the Marketing Boards -- Federal and Regional Finances, 1955-9 -- An Appraisal -- 6 Operation of Federal Finance in Nigeria: Second Phase -- A Review of the Fiscal System -- Federal and Regional Finances, 1959-66 -- Federal Finance and Public Expenditure -- Over-All Appraisal and Conclusions -- 7 Federal Finance and Taxation: Indirect Taxes -- The Development of the Nigerian Tax Structure -- Export Taxation -- Import and Excise Taxes -- Taxation of Extractive Industry -- 8 Federal Finance and Taxation: Direct Taxes -- Personal Income Taxation -- Company Income Taxation -- Conclusion -- 9 Federal Finance, Loans and Public Debt Policy in Nigeria -- Monetary Role of the Marketing Boards -- Internal Borrowing -- External Borrowing -- 10 The Problem of Fiscal Adjustment.

Der Autor, ein Rechtsanwalt aus Lagos, widerspricht dem Vorschlag, eine Sovereign National Conference (SNC) abzuhalten und mit ihr zu versuchen, die Instabilität im nigerianischen Staat und in der Politik zu überwinden. Mit der Verfassung von 1999, die eigentlich eine Neuauflage der Verfassung von 1979 sei, sei diese Frage erledigt. Jetzt müsse es um Armutsbekämpfung, wirtschaftliche Entwicklung und Verhinderung eines erneuten Militärcoups gehen. Die Diskussion um eine SNC sei gefährlich und lenke nur ab. Im zweiten Teil der Schrift empfiehlt sich der Autor durch Ausschnitte aus Zeitungsartikeln als "viel versprechender Staatsmann." (DÜI-Sbd)

An attempt has been made to draw attention to some of the weakness and pitfalls of our government since independence. The weakness and pitfalls are such as are fatal to the healthy existence of any government designed to cater for the happiness and welfare of the masses of the governed. An attempt has also been made to offer solutions and corrections to the problems and ills of past governments