Suchergebnisse

The dimensioning and behavior of environmental expenditures made by a country are required information to assess the relevance that the theme occupies in public and private agendas, because they allow for the understanding of priorities and commitments in the pursuit of sustainable development. Here we present the federal government's environmental spending for the years between 2001 and 2018. During this period, the federal government spent an average of R$ 5.9 billion per year on the environment, which corresponds to a total of R$ 106.7 billion. This represents an average of 0.10% of GDP/year and 0.25% of total federal government spending/year. Or, to expenditures in the amount of R$ 30.43 per capita/year. The largest expenditures were practically shared among three themes: the management of aquatic resources, in particular with the payment of unemployment insurance for artisanal fisherfolk (25.65%), on other environmental protection activities, which includes the operational costs of the Ministry of the Environment and related institutions (25.63%), and the management of liquid effluents and wastewaters (24.73%). Compared to other LatinAmerican countries, Brazil's spending on environmental protection is, proportionally, small, indicating that successive Brazilian governments have given low budgetary priority to environmental policies. Despite this, Brazil has developed a series of actions that have resulted in progress in environmental policies.

The challenge of performing environmental governance at the international level has resulted in the creation of several environmental agreements focused on the common interests involved in the management of natural resources among countries. In recent decades, there has been a proliferation of such agreements, which made the environment the second area with the largest number of international agreements in the world (second only to international trade), which indicates the growing importance given to environmental issues in international arenas. Among these agreements, we highlight the result of the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (Rio-92): the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, the Convention on Biological Diversity and the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification. This paper presents an overview of the status of implementation of these conventions in Brazil, focusing on the governance framework (institutional and legal), as well as on the actions taken to meet the commitments arising from these agreements. Main gaps and some of the challenges to be faced in the implementation of the analyzed conventions in Brazil are also identified.