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This paper uses the confidential files of the Canadian Census 1991–2006 to examine the fertility of married immigrant women (the presence of infants and preschool children in the household) around the time of migration. Then it estimates a proportional hazards model of first-birth risks of migrants relative to natives from two years before to five years after arrival to Canada. While immigrants have relatively fewer births during the two years preceding migration, these rise after one year in Canada, consistent with both catchup and with concurrent events such as marriage happening during migration. Consistent with the socialization hypothesis, fertility levels vary across origins.

Ajzen, Icek. 2012. Martin Fishbein's legacy: The reasoned action approach. The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 640 (1): 11–27. doi:10.1177/0002716211423363

Politische Faktoren werden von der Literatur, die einen umfangreicheren öffentlichen Sektor auf einene höheren Grad an Aussenhandelsintegration zurückführt, zumeist vernachlässigt. Wenn die Offenheit steigt übernimmt der Staat in seiner Funktion als sozialer Planer eine wichtige Rolle zur Minimierung des Risikos der wirtschaftlichen Integration und sichert den sozialen Frieden. Ausgehend von der hochgradig redistributiven Eigenschaft von Handels- und Fiskalpolitik, wird behauptet, daß die Interaktion von internationalen Wirtschaftsbeziehungen und nationaler Politik zu drei polit-ökonomischen Gleichgewichten führt. Erstens können Staaten protektionistische Massnahmen ergreifen um die Wohlfahrt inländischer Schlüssel-Sektoren zu sichern ohne auf beträchtliche Staatsausgaben zurückzugreifen. Zweitens können Politiker auf potentielle Verlierer entschädigen um die wirtschaftliche Offenheit zu erhalten. Schliesslich können, angesichts der Steuerlast der Entschädigungen, Befürworter der Freihandels ein autoritätes Regime errichten um ihre Gegner auszuschliessen. Nachdem die Bedingungen für jedes dieser Regime formell angegeben werden, wird ein Modell anhand von Paneldaten aus 65 Entwicklungs- und Industrieländernfür die Periode 1950-1990 getestet und seine Implikationen durch einen Reihe historischer Fallstudien aus den letzten zwei Jahrhunderten erforscht. (SWP-Jns)

Politics remains prominently absent in the literature showing that higher levels of trade integration lead to a larger public sector. As openness increases, the state, acting as a social planner, adopts a salient role to minimize the risks of economic integration and secure social peace. Given the highly redistributive nature of both trade and fiscal policies, we claim, however, that the interaction of the international economy and domestic politics leads to three distinct political-economic equilibria. First, nations may embrace protectionist policies to shore up the welfare of key domestic sectors—without engaging, therefore, in substantial public spending. Second, to maintain trade openness in democracies, policymakers develop compensation policies to muster the support of the losers of openness. Finally, given the tax burden of public compensation, pro-free trade sectors may impose an authoritarian regime to exclude (instead of buying off) their opponents. After formally stating the conditions under which each regime emerges, we test the model on a panel data of around sixty-five developing and developed nations in the period 1950–1990 and explore its implications through a set of key historical cases drawn from the last two centuries.

We use the confidential files of the Canadian Census 1991-2006, combined with information from O*NET on the skill requirements of jobs, to show that the labor market patterns of female immigrants do not fit the profile of secondary workers, but rather conform to the recent experience of married native women with rising participation (and wage assimilation). At best, only relatively uneducated immigrant women in unskilled occupations may fit the profile of secondary workers. Educated immigrant women experience skill assimilation over time: a reduction in physical strength and a gradual increase in analytical skills required in their jobs relative to natives.