Suchergebnisse

The purpose of this study is to identify a system for tracking the distribution of increasingly abused prescription drugs. The problems identified in the study was the increase of prescribed drugs falling into the category of drugs that are frequently abused and this was as a result of improper systems in place designed to track such drugs alongside normal drug distribution networks. The theories of drug abuse highlight the propensity for the increased rate of drug abuse amongst individuals and why it has become imperative that a system that will track such drugs be developed and must be dynamic to readily update new discoveries falling into the abuse category. The study used the object-oriented design methodology to formulate designs for the system through eliciting information on the subject matter with documents and literature of previous works, empirical investigations and personal interviews. The obtained knowledge was then used in designing the proposed system requirements. Manual tests were carried out in units for each component's functionality before the system was tested as a single integrated unit. The study concludes with the development of a system that can meet the dynamic requirements for tracking the distribution of drugs that are subject to drug abuse along with the distribution framework.

The advent of android operating systems introduced tools to keep track of users' information activities and prevent information leakage which bridged the trust between application developers and consumers. A review of related literature shows that several phenomena had been developed to prevent malicious applications from stealing personal sensitive information from smart phones but there is still the need for efficient solutions. This study presents a literature review of works on content Analyzers for information leakage detection and prevention on android-based devices. The review will help to combine different concept to minimize false positives that will in turn lead to increase in code coverage towards detecting the maximum number of data leaks.

Nigeria and Rwanda have long existed as colonial states of European imperialism in the 1800s, and gained their independence in the early 1960s, but they never had diplomatic relations until about mid-2000s. In 2011, the Republic of Rwanda opened its High Commission in Abuja, while the FederalRepublic of Nigeria also opened its High Commission in Kigali in 2012. Since the official opening of their diplomatic missions, both countries have been enjoying very cordial bilateral relations in many sectors, especially in socioeconomic ties. It is a relation that has been described by some pundits as, "A big brother, little brother affair". From this perspective, the paper examines how "big" and "little" brotherly affair can be taken as "equal partnership" to advance economic development for the benefit of both parties. Data were generated from both primary and secondary sources. Primary data was derived from Nigeria High Commission diplomats in Kigali; while secondary data were gathered from newspapers, books and websites. The neoliberal theoretical perspective is adopted as a "partial" approach to analyze the value and volume of economic cooperation and interdependence of state relations. The study revealed that both countries have "signed general agreements for cooperation" which include Air transport agreement between Kigali and Lagos and the Artemis Accord, in Space exploration. As such, the paper stressed the imperative of strengthening of equal partnership that will deliver benefits for both countries' burgeoning economies. The volume of trade can be increased to boost both countries' economic development in particular, and Africa's development in general.

Certain cultural practices and poverty have inhibited girls' and women's life chances and opportunities for long before the dawn of the 21st century, regardless of their number and productivity. Moreover, in most developing countries, girl-child education has not been given the priority it deserved. While the gender equality issue has gained global attention at the level of the United Nations since 1948, it is still regarded as 'unfinished business,' of our time. Therefore, the paper examines the vulnerability facing girl-child education and the protection needed to secure their education, for their self-dignity and sustainable development. The feminist theory is adopted, as well as the concept of the responsibility to protect (R2P). The study is descriptive and utilizes data from books, journals, newspapers, and websites of relevant organizations, especially the UN, UNESCO, and UNICEF. Content analysis of daily news feeds, from verified media stables, provides authentic data. Findings revealed that the girl-child is more vulnerable than the boy-child in conflict environments. There is a deliberate assault on girl-child education. More girls are out-of-school than boys. Both the domestic and foreign policies of the Nigerian and Afghan governments clearly showed the extent of their responsibility to protect girl-child education, partly to achieve the UN and AU quality education goal. The paper concludes that the protection of girl-child education must be made a priority of the state because the female gender is the bearer of life and reproductive sustainability. The girl-child should be provided with free quality education to be equipped for economic empowerment. School premises in conflict environments need to be more fortified from terrorists, bandits, and kidnappers. Intelligence gatherings need to be broadened and sustained such that government security agencies should not only be on the defensive but also the offensive against terrorist operational bases.

The paper examines the place and condition of Africa in the global economic index and the imperative to shift the narrative by way of changing course from the present sordid reality. The dominant absence of development in the continent remains a sore point which contemporary issues in a globalized world have further accentuated by reaffirming the continent as a laggard within the international political system. The study relied on secondary and tertiary sources for data. The study submits that despite the prospects for a more robust and sustainable contribution of the continent to the world economy, it has been unable to compete favourably in the global marketplace or even at the intra-states level within the continent because of the absence of the requisite political will and comprehensive road map to end the cycles of bad governance and economic crisis which has held the continent down for ages. Hence, this study calls on the African leaders to ensure that Agenda 2063 is vigorously implemented and thus making Africa both competitive and not falling into the tepidness which was the lot of previous continental initiatives.

The realization of a peaceful and stable Africa as one of the goals and aspirations of the 'African Union Agenda 2063: the Africa We Want' is achievable but only in an environment devoid of insecurity and other conditions that threaten human existence. The insecurity challenges in some parts of Africa have assumed a formidable dimension that requires a multi-stakeholder approach to resolve. Meanwhile, good governance has proved to be a virile mechanism to address insecurity and ameliorate conditions that threaten human existence. It is a major driving force towards peace, security, and sustainable development in any country of the world that has experienced or still experiencing such development. This study argues that a stable and peaceful Africa is a mirage in the face of insecurity that is prevalent in some parts of Africa and that good governance is the major antidote to address the issue of insecurity. This study employs content analysis as a source of data collection and engages descriptive research design in its analysis.

North Korea became a nuclear weapon state in 2006 and has vehemently pursued and advanced its nuclear weapons program against the desires of the international community with claims that its policy on nuclear deterrence is to deter enemy states from attacking. Hence, the issue has been a source of debate in recent years. The study therefore conducted an analysis of North Korea's foreign policy on nuclear deterrence using the nation state level of foreign policy analysis to better understand the foreign policy decision. The study found that states peculiarities such as the type of government, bureaucracy, military capacity, identity and ideology, national interest, location and national resources, population, public opinion, and economic capacity among others, can influence a state's foreign policy decision-making. The study concludes that despite the authoritarian leadership in North Korea, all these other elements and characteristics within the state actively shape North Korea's foreign policy on nuclear deterrence.

The world is faced with a series of security problems and the need to address such problems depends on the leaders at the helm of affairs. International problems such as the threat of terrorism, Weapons of Mass Destruction cannot be treated with levity, they require deep thinking with a rational mind to prevent or cause war. However, the issue of leadership committing his nation to war or not is been addressed within the corridor of exercise of power. Critical case of the second Gulf war had questioned the rationality of President George Bush (Jnr) in prosecuting the war despite opinion polls that were against it. Since the war attracted political and academic debate bothering on rationality, it is worthwhile to attempt this paper by examining President George Bush's (Jnr) rationality or otherwise in going for the war. The paper is based on qualitative analysis with the application of textbooks, journals, periodicals, and adopted interviews published on the websites. It also concluded that rationality is a beauty in the eye of the beholder and that American foreign policies are the instruments that any of its leaders must follow to achieve national interest based on primacy, democratic philosophy, and a world order based on his degree of rationality.

This study analyses the various ways in which China's market expansion impacts Nigeria's textile industry. Two major surviving textile firms in Nigeria were studied: Sunflag Textile Manufacturing Company and the United Nigerian Textile Manufacturing Company. The study made use of documentary research and a qualitative case study, where an interview was employed as the research tool. Global economic integration/trade liberalization formed the theoretical basis for analysis. Findings reveal that China's market expansion driven by globalisation impacts significantly on Nigeria's textile industry. For instance, the influx of Chinese cheap textiles (80 per cent of textiles in the Nigerian market today are imported from China) and the re-export of textiles imported from China by neighbouring states such as the Benin Republic to Nigeria through smuggling has led to an almost total collapse of Nigeria's textile industry. China has also taken advantage of the country's huge infrastructure deficit and government neglect of the textile sector to replicate Nigerian unique Wax print known as Ankara, thereby displacing local producers. Thus, the once-thriving manufacturing textile sector has become moribund as Chinese textiles take over the Nigerian market. The study recommends that the Nigerian government should support (financially) the distressed/collapsed firms and also upgrade the country's infrastructure particularly the power sector for the remaining textile firms to survive and compete successfully in a globalised world.

This paper examines the 1991 Gulf War and how it contributed to the development of the art of war since the dawn of the post-Cold War realities. The 1991 Gulf War was a war waged by a coalition force of 40 nations led by the United States of America (USA) against Iraq in response to Iraq's invasion and subsequent annexation of Kuwait, arising from oil pricing and production disputes. This article seeks an explanation for how the Gulf War has contributed to the art of war by explaining how the Napoleonic strategy of quick and decisive victory was used in the operation. This strategy contrast sharply with the intention of Iraq for a sustained all-drawn-out war, which is meant to wear out their opponents. The article analyses the further consequences of this conceptual clash in military doctrine. It explains that the contrast between both concepts and especially the western military culture for fighting wars was the decisive element in the Gulf War. In carrying out this research, secondary sources were consulted and used accordingly. The research findings show the contribution of the 1991 Gulf War to the increasing complexities of war. The war further demonstrated the validity of the collective security system as the coalition forces were able to restore Kuwait's sovereignty. In addition, the study is relevant as it exposed the challenges posed by warfare and the vulnerabilities it poses in inter-state relations and on the international system.

The study interrogates the issues surrounding Russia's invasion of Ukraine and the ongoing war between the two Eastern European countries. It examines the remote and immediate causes of the invasion as well as the position of leading and other members of the UN Security Council and other world leaders on the aggression. The study also analysed Russia's justification of the invasion based on the fact that Russia's security is being threatened by the continued expansion of NATO to Eastern Europe, against which Moscow claims it is a red line that cannot be tolerated. A brief background of the crisis that led to the invasion/war was examined, as well as the internal and external factors that triggered the invasion. Finally, the paper examined the implications of Russia's invasion of Africa. The study relied on documentary evidence sourced mainly from the internet and applied the realist theory in analysing the issues. The study found that though NATO's expansion eastwards and Ukraine's intention to join the security alliance were the immediate triggers for the invasion, several other remote factors contributed to the invasion. The study also found that though Africa is miles away from the theatre of conflict, it is being affected in several ways by the conflict. Amongst others, the paper recommends that Africa should maintain its non-aligned posture in the conflict, and should seek closer ties within the continent and with non-European partners to cushion the effects of the war.

The study interrogates the possibility of achieving monetary integration in West Africa as part of efforts at realizing the envisaged African Economic Community (AEC). Eight regional economic communities (RECs) were recognized by the African Union (AU) as building blocks for the AEC, whose ultimate goal is the establishment of an economic and monetary union in Africa. These RECs are the institutional mechanisms through which this integration will be achieved, and monetary cooperation in the RECs is one of the steps towards achieving the integration. The Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) is one of these RECs. Extant literature accounts blame the failure to achieve monetary integration in the sub-region on the countries' inability to meet the 'convergence criteria' required to establish a monetary union. This study acknowledges this but contends that though this undermines monetary integration in the continent and sub-region, much attention has not been given to the impacts of colonial legacy. The study is anchored on the theory of the post-colonial state and utilizes the documentary method of data collection. The findings indicate that the nature and character of the continent handed over to Africans at independence, especially by France, and its continued meddlesomeness, have made it very difficult for West African countries to forge a common front in monetary integration. This casts doubts on the possibility of realizing the monetary integration agenda of the AEC. The study, therefore, concludes that as long as France continues to meddle in the affairs of its former colonies in West Africa, efforts at monetary integration in the sub-region and the wider AEC are likely to continue to be undermined.