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Front Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright Information -- Table of Contents -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- A Country of Radicals? Not Quite -- Bound to Its Narrative: The Pakistani State and Terrorist Groups -- Pakistan's Legal Islamization -- An Ideological Education -- Islamists and Madrassas -- An Appraisal and a Way Forward -- Appendix A: The Objectives Resolutions -- Appendix B: Levels of Education -- Notes -- Index -- Back Cover.

In the 2002 election, candidates for Pakistan's federal legislature had to possess at least a bachelor's degree. This policy disqualified 60 out of the 207 incumbent legislators from running for election again. Using a difference-in-differences approach with panel data on all electoral constituencies in Pakistan, I find that this ballot access restriction does not affect political competition across all constituencies with disqualified incumbents equally. Stronger political competition is defined as a larger number of candidates contesting election, a smaller vote share and vote margin for the winning candidate, and a less concentrated candidate field, as measured by a Herfindahl-Hirschman index (HHI) of vote shares. Competition declined significantly in constituencies where the disqualified incumbent belonged to a small party and where literacy levels were lower (signifying a smaller pool of substitute candidates). However, political competition increased in areas where the disqualified incumbent was stronger in terms of his winning vote margin. Adapted from the source document.

Bevor Imran Khan Pakistans Premierminister wurde, war er nicht bekannt dafür, sich den Hardlinern im Land entgegenzustellen. Eher wiederholte er als Oppositionspolitiker ihre Narrative, wenn es für ihn politisch opportun schien. Auf dem Höhepunkt des Aufstandsder Tehreek-e-Taliban Pakistan (TTP) gegen den pakistanischen Staat von 2012 bis 2014 sinnierte er, dass die TTP Terroranschläge verübe, um gegen die fehlgeleitete Allianz des pakistanischen Staates mit den Vereinigten Staaten im Krieg in Afghanistan zu protestieren. Kann so jemand für eine Reformpolitik einstehen? Obwohl die Autorin ihre Auswertung bereits im November 2018 vornahm, wenige Monate nach Khans Amtsantritt, hat sie bis heute gültige Grundmuster aufdecken können.