Suchergebnisse

Estudio acerca del proyecto del seminario didáctico. Este seminario didáctico es una institución con cierto recorrido en la década de los sesenta en España. Se señala que la existencia de los seminarios didácticos no se debe a un capri?ho legislativo, sino a una necesidad impuesta por la realidad docente. El enorme incremento de alumnos, la multiplicación de secciones y profesores en cada materia, incluso en un mismo centro, son algunas de las razones que determinan la existencia de estos seminarios. A continuación se señalan los fines concretos que deben cumplir los seminarios didácticos. Entre otros se destaca: la unificación de doctrina y métodos didácticos, la uniformidad en ejercicios y exámenes, así como en su valoración y calificación; logrando, mediante la colaboración de sus miembros, que haya una adecuación perfecta entre labor de cátedra y pruebas y la mera transmisión de experiencias didácticas entre sus componentes. También se señalan algunos de los principales temas de discusión en los seminarios, así como la labor de dirección y consejo del catedrático tutor. Como últimos aspectos se tratan diversas experiencias de seminarios, como la labor de equipo y cooperación entre profesores, las clases ante los ayudantes o becarios, el diálogo en clase, los ejercicios y exámenes o el principio de autoridad en clase. ; Ministerio Educación CIDE ; Biblioteca de Educación del Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte; Calle San Agustín, 5 - 3 Planta; 28014 Madrid; Tel. +34917748000; biblioteca@mecd.es ; ESP

Estudio acerca del proyecto del seminario didáctico. Este seminario didáctico es una institución con cierto recorrido en la década de los sesenta en España. Se señala que la existencia de los seminarios didácticos no se debe a un capri?ho legislativo, sino a una necesidad impuesta por la realidad docente. El enorme incremento de alumnos, la multiplicación de secciones y profesores en cada materia, incluso en un mismo centro, son algunas de las razones que determinan la existencia de estos seminarios. A continuación se señalan los fines concretos que deben cumplir los seminarios didácticos. Entre otros se destaca: la unificación de doctrina y métodos didácticos, la uniformidad en ejercicios y exámenes, así como en su valoración y calificación; logrando, mediante la colaboración de sus miembros, que haya una adecuación perfecta entre labor de cátedra y pruebas y la mera transmisión de experiencias didácticas entre sus componentes. También se señalan algunos de los principales temas de discusión en los seminarios, así como la labor de dirección y consejo del catedrático tutor. Como últimos aspectos se tratan diversas experiencias de seminarios, como la labor de equipo y cooperación entre profesores, las clases ante los ayudantes o becarios, el diálogo en clase, los ejercicios y exámenes o el principio de autoridad en clase. ; Ministerio Educación CIDE ; Biblioteca de Educación del Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte; Calle San Agustín, 5 - 3 Planta; 28014 Madrid; Tel. +34917748000; biblioteca@mecd.es ; ESP

AbstractThrough their talk, actions and interactions, children actively shape and develop notions of gender and sexuality. This research delves into the realm of children's agency to explore the ways children act and react to instances of sexism and LGBTI+ phobia. Within the context of a Gender Equity Education Program in a Chilean primary school, this study employs participatory‐action research, integrating participatory methods and participant observation, acknowledging the significance of children's agencies in knowledge construction. Analytically, a feminist post‐structuralist lens is applied to examine children's experiences, unveiling distinct categories of agencies, namely 'reproducers' and 'challengers' of the dominant discourse.

PurposeWe assessed vitamin D status in HIV‐infected patients and its relation to classic, related‐HIV risk factors and therapeutic regimens.MethodsOut of 450 HIV‐infected patients followed in the H. Severo Ochoa (Madrid, Spain), we selected 352 patients in which vitamin D levels had been assessed (2009 to 2010). We describe demographics, cART duration, cART, viral load (VL), CD4+ cell count, 25(OH)D levels, iPTH, MDRD, serum albumin and calcium. Vitamin D status cutoff points were: 1. deficiency (vitDd): 25(OH)D levels <20 ng/mL; 2. insuficiency (vitDi): 20 to 29.99 ng/mL and 3. optimal (vitDo): 25(OH)D ≥ 30 ng/mL.ResultsMedian CD4+ cell count was 501 cells/µL; median VL 40 copies/mL. 277 patients (78.7%) had less than 50 copies/mL. 310 patients (88.1%) were on cART. The proportions of patients with vitDd, vitDi and vitDo were 155/352 (44%), 97 (27.6%) and 100 (28.5%). Black patients had 14.2% of vitDd (22 patients out of 155 patients with vitDd), 7.2% (7/97) vitDi and 1% (1/100) vitDo (p=.001) vs. global sample; therefore, 29 out of 30 (96.7%) black patients had vitDd/vitDi, vs. 71.6% in global sample. Former IDUs had more vidDo (p<0.001 vs. other risk groups). Among patients with less than 50 copies/mL, the proportions of vitDd, vitDi and vitDo were 77.4%, 68% and 91% respectively, (p=.0001). Of the cART, only PI monotherapy was associated with significant differences in vitD (see Table).











vitDd n=155 (44%)
vitDi n=97 (27.6%)
vitDo n=100 (28.4%)
p




Age
28 (23–34)
28 (25–35)
27 (23–35)
0.77


Gender n (%) Female/male
59 (38.1%) 96 (61.6%)
23 (23.7%) 74 (76.39%)
34 (34%) 66 (66%)
0.06


Ethnic background n (%) Caucasian/Black/Hispanic
125 (80.6%) 22 (14.2%) 8 (5.2%)
83 (85.6%) 7 (7.2%) 7 (7.2%)
91 (91%) 1 (1%) 8 (8%)
0.07 0.001* 0.64


Risk factor HTX/MSM/IDU/other
76 (49.1%) 18 (11.6%) 59 (38.1%) 2 (1.3%)
34 (35.1%) 27 (27.8%) 33 (34%) 3 (3.1%)
27 (27%) 9 (9%) 63 (63%) 1 (1%)
0.001* 0.0001* 0.0001* 0.45


Calcium (mg/dL)
9.3 (9–9.6)
9.2 (8.5–9.5)
9.2 (8.9–9.5)
0.08


Albumin (g/dL)
4.4 (4.2–4.6)
4.4 (4.1–4.6)
4.4 (4.2–4.6)
0.59


iPTH (pg/mL)
48.2 (34.2–67.8)
46 (32.8–59.45)
45.2 (34.57–59.9)
0.51


Phosphorus (mg/dL)
3.29 (3.1–3.6)
3.296 (2.9–3.3)
3.296 (3–3.296)
0.053


Glomerular filtration rate (MDRD)
88.2 (77.3–102)
85.9 (74.7–95.5)
84 (73.9–92.3)
0.03


GFR <60 n (%)
6 (3.9%)
1 (1%)
9 (9%)
0.02


Blood glucose (mg/dL)
96 (88–104)
96 (89–104)
97 (89–104)
0.99


HCV (%)
92 (59.4%)
58 (59.8%)
33 (33%)
0.0001*


HBV (%)
3 (1.9%)
6 (6.2%)
4 (4%)
0.22


CD4+
519 (334–700)
449 (307–637)
505 (360–660)
0.36


HIV copies/mL (%)>50<50
35 (22.6%) 120 (77.4%)
31 (32.4%) 66 (68%)
9 (9%) 91 (91%)
0.0001*


HAART, n (%)
73 (47.1%)
45 (46.4%)
67 (67%)
0.003*


Season, n (%) spring/summer/ autumn/winter
52 (33.5%) 20 (12.9%) 35 (22.6%) 48 (31%)
15 (15%) 25 (25.8%) 38 (39.2%) 19 (19.6%)
1 (1%) 37 (37%) 58 (58%) 4 (4%)
0.0001* 0.0001* 0.0001* 0.0001*


HAART regimens (patients with <50 copies)
vitDd n= 118
VitDi n=64
VitDo n=91



Duration (months)
85 (40–143)
64 (28–138)
86 (43–140)
0.344


NNRTI+TDF
36 (30.51%)
23 (35.94%)
21 (23.07%)
0.258


NNRTI+no_TDF
16 (13.56%)
8 (12.5%)
9 (9.89%)
0.745


PI+TDF
28 (23.73%)
15 (23.44%)
25 (27.47%)
0.728


PI+no−TDF
14 (11.28%)
9 (14.06%)
15 (16.48%)
0.602


NNRTI+PI+TDF
1 (0.85%)
0 (0%)
0 (0%)
0.519


NNRTI+PI+no−TDF
3 (3%)
1 (1.56%)
3 (3.29%)
0.781


Other+TDF
2 (2.54%)
1 (1.56%)
0 (0%)
0.475


Other+no TDF
9 (7.63%)
5 (7.81%)
5 (5.49%)
0.821


PI monotherapy
9 (7.63%)
2 (3.12%)
13 (14.28%)
0.039*




On multivariate analysis following variables were related to increased risk of vitD insuficiency/deficiency, black vs. white race (OR 10.6 [95% CI 1.2–94], p=.033); heterosexual/MSM risk vsm IDU risk groups (OR 2.37 [95% CI 1.13–4.93], p=.022) and (OR 3.25 [95% CI 1.25–8.50], p=.016) and VL>50 copies/mL (OR 2.56 [95% CI 1.10–7.25], p=.040). Less risk of vitamin D insufficiency/deficiency was found in patients on PI monotherapy vs. no treatment (OR 0.08 [95% CI 0.01–0.6], p=.018); Hispanic (South American) patients vs. white (OR 0.18 [95% CI 0.05–0.68], p=.012) and summer/autumn vs. spring samples (OR 0.015 [95% CI 0.002–0.116], p=.0001 summer) and (OR 0.013 [95% CI 0.02–0.099), p=.0001, for autumn).Conclusions1: Vitamin D status was associated with ethnic background, season and non‐suppressed VL. 2: Former IDUs had less vitamin D deficiency/insufficiency, perhaps due to more outdoor jobs. 3: As in the MONET study, PI monotherapy had a positive impact on vitD.

7‐11 November 2010, Tenth International Congress on Drug Therapy in HIV Infection, Glasgow, UK

7‐11 November 2010, Tenth International Congress on Drug Therapy in HIV Infection, Glasgow, UK

7‐11 November 2010, Tenth International Congress on Drug Therapy in HIV Infection, Glasgow, UK

Background: Gene-diet interactions have been reported to contribute to the development of type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, to our knowledge, few examples have been consistently replicated to date. Objective: We aimed to identify existing evidence for genemacronutrient interactions and T2D and to examine the reported interactions in a large-scale study. Design: We systematically reviewed studies reporting genemacronutrient interactions and T2D. We searched the MEDLINE, Human Genome Epidemiology Network, and WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform electronic databases to identify studies published up to October 2015. Eligibility criteria included assessment of macronutrient quantity (e.g., total carbohydrate) or indicators of quality (e.g., dietary fiber) by use of self-report or objective biomarkers of intake. Interactions identified in the review were subsequently examined in the EPIC (European Prospective Investigation into Cancer)-InterAct case-cohort study (n = 21,148, with 9403 T2D cases; 8 European countries). Prentice-weighted Cox regression was used to estimate country-specific HRs, 95% CIs, and P-interaction values, which were then pooled by random-effects meta-analysis. A primary model was fitted by using the same covariates as reported in the published studies, and a second model adjusted for additional covariates and estimated the effects of isocaloric macronutrient substitution. Results: Thirteen observational studies met the eligibility criteria (n , 1700 cases). Eight unique interactions were reported to be significant between macronutrients [carbohydrate, fat, saturated fat, dietary fiber, and glycemic load derived from self-report of dietary intake and circulating n–3 (v-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids] and genetic variants in or near transcription factor 7–like 2 (TCF7L2), gastric inhibitory polypeptide receptor (GIPR), caveolin 2 (CAV2), and peptidase D (PEPD) (P-interaction , 0.05). We found no evidence of interaction when we tried to replicate previously reported interactions. In addition, no interactions were detected in models with additional covariates. Conclusions: Eight gene-macronutrient interactions were identified for the risk of T2D from the literature. These interactions were not replicated in the EPIC-InterAct study, which mirrored the analyses undertaken in the original reports. Our findings highlight the importance of independent replication of reported interactions. ; Funding for the InterAct project was provided by the EU FP6 programme (grant number LSHM_CT_2006_037197). In addition, InterAct investigators acknowledge funding from the following agencies: Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit MC_UU_12015/1 and MC_UU_12015/5, and Medical Research Council Human Nutrition Research MC_UP_A090_1006 and Cambridge Lipidomics Biomarker Research Initiative G0800783. IS, JWJB and YTvdS: Verification of diabetes cases was additionally funded by NL Agency grant IGE05012 and an Incentive Grant from the Board of the UMC Utrecht (The Netherlands; HBBdM, AMWS and DLvdA: Dutch Ministry of Public Health, Welfare and Sports (VWS), Netherlands Cancer Registry (NKR), LK Research Funds, Dutch Prevention Funds, Dutch ZON (Zorg Onderzoek Nederland), World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF), Statistics Netherlands (The Netherlands); German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) and the State of Brandenburg to the German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD); FLC: Cancer Research UK C8221/A19170 and C570/A16491 and Medical Research Council MR/M012190/1; PWF: Swedish Research Council, Novo Nordisk, Swedish Heart Lung Foundation, Swedish Diabetes Association; JH, KO and AT: Danish Cancer Society; RK: Deutsche Krebshilfe; SP: Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro; JRQ: Asturias Regional Government; MT: Health Research Fund (FIS) of the Spanish Ministry of Health; Navarre Regional Government; the CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain; Murcia Regional Government (Nº 6236); RT: AIRE-ONLUS Ragusa, AVIS-Ragusa, Sicilian Regional Government; Red Temática de Investigación Cooperativa en Cáncer of the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII RTICC RD12/0036/0018), cofounded by FEDER funds/European Regional Development Fund (ERDF); German Cancer Aid, German Ministry of Research (BMBF); Compagnia di San Paolo; Imperial College Biomedical Research Centre.