Suchergebnisse

© 2020 The Authors. Published by Atlantis Press International B.V. ; BACKGROUND: One month after the first COVID-19 infection was recorded, Portugal counted 18,051 cases and 599 deaths from COVID-19. To understand the overall impact on mortality of the pandemic of COVID-19, we estimated the excess mortality registered in Portugal during the first month of the epidemic, from March 16 until April 14 using two different methods. METHODS: We compared the observed and expected daily deaths (historical average number from daily death registrations in the past 10 years) and used 2 standard deviations confidence limit for all-cause mortality by age and specific mortality cause, considering the last 6 years. An adapted Auto Regressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) model was also tested to validate the estimated number of all-cause deaths during the study period. RESULTS: Between March 16 and April 14, there was an excess of 1255 all-cause deaths, 14% more than expected. The number of daily deaths often surpassed the 2 standard deviations confidence limit. The excess mortality occurred mostly in people aged 75+. Forty-nine percent (49%) of the estimated excess deaths were registered as due to COVID-19, the other 51% registered as other natural causes. CONCLUSION: Even though Portugal took early containment measures against COVID-19, and the population complied massively with those measures, there was significant excess mortality during the first month of the pandemic, mostly among people aged 75+. Only half of the excess mortality was registered as directly due do COVID-19. KEY POINTS: An Excess Mortality (EM) of 1255 deaths were estimated 1 month after the first death classified by COVID-19, and it would probably be more if the government had not taken early action. The age group where a significant increase in mortality was noted was above 75 years. 51% of the EM was due to natural causes other than COVID-19. ; publishersversion ; published

In the 20th century, the tobacco epidemic killed around 100 million people worldwide, and in the present century can be the cause of billions of deaths. WHO advocates that the solution to this global epidemic, which is a risk factor for six of the eight leading causes of death in the world, is within our reach. The Government of Portugal signed the Framework Convention of the World Health Organization for Tobacco Control on January 9th, 2004, approving it and transposing it into national law on November 8th, 2005. The National Health Plan 2012-2016 considered smoking a priority health problem, and in 2012 it was created the National Program for Smoking Prevention and Control, a priority health program developed by the Director General of Health (DGS). With reference to this framework, the DGS launched a public tender for the study of evaluation of the acquisition of professional skills in the field of prevention and treatment of smoking during the nursing degree's final year. This study aims to explore attitudes, knowledge, perceptions of curricula contents and confidence to intervene in tobacco control among graduating nursing students in Portugal.

Objectives To analyse the temporal and geographical diffusion of antivascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) interventions, and its determinants in a National Health System (NHS). Setting NHS Portuguese hospitals. Participants All inpatient and day cases related to eye diseases at all Portuguese public hospitals for the period 2002–2012 were selected on the basis of four International Classification of Diseases 9th revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM) codes for procedures: 1474, 1475, 1479 and 149. Primary and secondary outcome measures We measured anti-VEGF treatment rates by year and county. The determinants of the geographical diffusion were investigated using generalised linear modelling. Results We analysed all hospital discharges from all NHS hospitals in Portugal (98 408 hospital discharges corresponding to 57 984 patients). National rates of hospitals episodes for the codes for procedures used were low before anti-VEGF approval in 2007 (less than 12% of hospital discharges). Between 2007 and 2012, the rates of hospital episodes related to the introduction of anti-VEGF injections increased by 27% per year. Patients from areas without ophthalmology departments received fewer treatments than those from areas with ophthalmology departments. The availability of an ophthalmology department in the county increased the rates of hospital episodes by 243%, and a 100-persons greater density per km2 raised the rates by 11%. Conclusions Our study shows a large but unequal diffusion of anti-VEGF treatments despite the universal coverage and very low copayments. The technological innovation in ophthalmology may thus produce unexpected inequalities related to financial constraints unless the implementation of innovative techniques is planned and regulated

CIEC – Research Centre on Child Studies, UM (FCT R&D 317) ; Background: In 2008, the Portuguese smoke-free law came into effect including partial bans in the leisure-hospitality (LH) sector. The objective of the study is to assess the prevalence of smoking control policies (total ban, smoking permission and designated smoking areas) adopted by the LH sector in Portugal. The levels of noncompliance with each policy are investigated as well as the main factors associated with smoking permission and noncompliance with the law. Methods: Cross-sectional study conducted between January 2010 and May 2011. A random sample of venues was selected from the Portuguese LH sector database, proportionally stratified according to type, size and geographical area. All venues were assessed in loco by an observer. The independent effects of venues' characteristics on smoking permission and the level of noncompliance with the law were explored using logistic regression. Results: Overall, 1.412 venues were included. Total ban policy was adopted by 75.9% of venues, while 8.4% had designated smoking areas. Smoking ban was more prevalent in restaurants (85.9%). Only 29.7% of discos/bars/pubs opted for complete ban. Full or partial smoking permission was higher in discos/bar/pubs (OR = 7.37; 95%CI 4.87 to 11.17). Noncompliance with the law was higher in venues allowing smoking and lower in places with complete ban (33.6% and 7.6% respectively, p, 0.001). Discos/bars/pubs with full smoking permission had the highest level of noncompliance (OR = 3.31; 95%CI 1.40 to 7.83). Conclusions: Our findings show a high adherence to smoking ban policy by the Portuguese LH sector. Nonetheless, one quarter of the venues is fully or partially permissive towards smoking, with the discos/bars/pubs considerably contributing to this situation. Venues with smoking permission policies were less compliant with the legislation. The implementation of a comprehensive smoke-free law, without any exceptions, is essential to effectively protect people from the ...

Resumo O ambiente escolar é um promissor de conhecimentos, vivências e experiências, em que os estudantes são capazes de socializar com o todo o corpo escolar, além de adquirir um olhar e conhecimento crítico. Dessa forma, o presente artigo foi realizado no Centro de Educação em Tempo Integral (CETI) em Humaitá – AM. Buscou-se, através da sua realização, expor aos estudantes do Ensino Médio sobre a prevenção do uso drogas na escola, em que os mesmos puderam compreender e entender melhor sobre os efeitos biológicos e químicos no organismo. O artigo está pautado na proposta educativa contra o uso das drogas, por meio de sensibilizar os estudantes, bem como a comunidade do entorno da escola, utilizando ferramentas pedagógicas durante a sua execução. Por meio da sua realização se pôde observar que a curiosidade natural dos estudantes é um dos fatores de maior influência na experimentação de álcool e outras drogas. Essa curiosidade o faz buscar novas sensações e o efeito das drogas vai ao encontro disto, proporcionando prazer momentâneo. Diante dos fatos observados nas atividades, verificou-se que os alunos mostraram interesse pelas atividades realizadas, notando que os mesmos estavam concentrados na explicação do conteúdo ministrado.
Palavras-chave: Aprendizagem. Adolescência. Sociedade.
AbstractThe school environment is a promising place for knowledge, experiences and living, where students are able to socialize with the entire school body in addition to acquiring a critical look and knowledge. This article was carried out at the Full Time Education Center (CETI) in Humaitá - AM. Through its realization, it was sought to expose high school students about the drug use prevention at school, where they could better understand the biological and chemical effects on the body. The article is based on the educational proposal against the use of drugs by sensitizing students as well as the community around the school using pedagogical tools during their execution. Through its realization, it was observed that the students' natural curiosity is one of the factors of greatest influence in the experimentation of alcohol and other drugs. This curiosity makes him or her search for new sensations and the effect of drugs goes against this, providing momentary pleasure. In view of the facts observed in the activities, it was found that the students showed a good interest in the activities carried out, realizing that they were quite concentrated in explaining the content taught.
Keywords: Learning. Adolescence. Society.