Suchergebnisse

This article shows the first results existing of the legal framework for the management of Historical Centers as part of the territory, particularly of the Liberia situation as part of the project "Baseline for the sustainable management of the Historical Center of Liberia City". The project reviews a brief documentary analysis and a systematic review of the laws, regulations, and case law concerning the historical centers as a heritage property and the territory's resources from the municipal power perspective of establishing legal instruments for the management of the territory and urban planning. Following the Kelsen pyramid about the hierarchical regulatory system, there were selected executive laws, decrees, and rules, as well as related case law with a heritage property as part of the territory, for the present paper there were no considerations of the international conventions about heritage property since this was addressed comprehensively in other projects. The contribution of this article is to identify the regulatory framework that sustains the municipal regulation as the management tool for heritage conservation of the Historical Center. ; Este artículo expone los primeros resultados del análisis del marco jurídico existente para la gestión de Centros Históricos como parte del territorio, en particular el caso de Liberia, como parte del proyecto "Línea base para la gestión sostenible del Centro Histórico de la ciudad de Liberia." El trabajo realiza un breve análisis documental y una revisión sistemática de las leyes, reglamentos y jurisprudencia al respecto de los centros históricos como bienes patrimoniales y recursos del territorio desde la potestad municipal de establecer instrumentos legales de ordenación de su territorio y planificación urbana. Siguiendo la pirámide de Kelsen sobre la jerarquización del sistema normativo se seleccionaron las leyes, los decretos y reglamentos ejecutivos, así como la jurisprudencia relacionados con el patrimonio como parte del territorio, para este trabajo no se consideraron los tratados y convenciones internacionales sobre patrimonio ya que esto se ha abordado de manera exhaustiva en otros proyectos. El aporte de este artículo es identificar el marco jurídico que da sustento a la reglamentación municipal como instrumento de gestión para los Centros Históricos como una herramienta más de conservación del patrimonio.

As part of the international project City-Identity-Sustainability, a study was carried out in two popular neighborhoods in the city of Guadalajara. One of the neighborhoods, Analco, was traditional and well consolidated; the other, Los Colorines, was new and in the process of consolidation. An adapted survey was applied to evaluate identity, sustainability, and demographic data. Results suggest that the relationship between greater or lesser consolidation and practices of sustainability is mediated mainly by factors of identity and collective satisfaction with the place.

En México existe una transición epidemiológica donde la población de adultos mayores aumenta de manera exponencial a la vez que aumentan las enfermedades no transmisibles y otras situaciones de salud importantes como depresión, baja autoestima, soledad y desesperanza. Frente a este panorama, los programas de salud promueven acciones de promoción de la salud y prevención de la enfermedad, enfatizando en la realización de ejercicio como una estrategia básica para prevenir enfermedades crónicas. Se planteó la pregunta: ¿Cuál es el efecto de un programa de ejercicios controlado, gradual, progresivo y de bajo impacto cardiovascular en un grupo de adultos mayores sobre los afectos positivos y negativos? Ensayo clínico aleatorizado y controlado con intervención simple ciego en dos grupos equivalentes (experimental y control), bajo un modelo de mediciones repetidas. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 45 sujetos. Se seleccionaron adultos mayores de 60 a 70 años, de ambos sexos, sin riesgo cardiaco; se excluyeron aquellos con patologías que pudieran causar limitaciones en la funcionalidad músculo esquelético o cardiopulmonar. La intervención consistió en la realización de ejercicio de forma gradual y progresiva, con una frecuencia de 3 veces por semana durante 10 semanas. El instrumento utilizado para evaluar los afectos positivos y negativos fue el PANAS. Ingresaron al grupo control 22 adultos mayores (edad 66.6± 6.14) y al grupo experimental 23 adultos mayores (edad 67.0± 7.19); completaron el programa 38 adultos mayores. En ambos grupos predominaron las mujeres (66.7%), el nivel socioeconómico medio (73.3%) y escolaridad básica (44.6%). No existió diferencia estadísticamente significativa entre los grupos antes de la intervención, en contraste, después de la intervención de ejercicio existió diferencia significativa de ambos grupos, observando un incremento en los afectos positivos y disminución de afectos negativos en el grupo experimental y un comportamiento inversamente proporcional en el grupo control. El programa de ejercicio de bajo impacto de intensidad gradual y progresiva de 10 semanas y 3 sesiones por semana, probó ser efectivo para aumentar los afectos positivos y disminuir los efectos negativos en el grupo experimental de adultos mayores.

Resumen Es una experiencia de trasferencia de conocimientos que posibilitó fortalecer el proceso de implementación de una política pública de cuidado humanizado en la Región La Libertad-Perú en el periodo 2007-2014 cuyo objetivo radica en redimensionar las relaciones de poder entre Estado y Sociedad Civil respecto al cuidado de la vida y la libertad, conceptos que dan sentido y fines a una política socio-sanitaria. La experiencia se basó en desarrollar e implementar un modelo de cuidado, iniciando por cuestionar el actual modelo de atención con visas a proponer un modelo orientado a preservar la salud y desarrollo de ciudadanía. Para ello se implementaron procesos de modelamiento de la prestación socio-sanitaria, se modificaron estructuras y se re-inventaron los procesos de gestión sanitaria. Sin duda esta experiencia requiere ser evaluada, fortalecida y mejorar, siendo necesario determinar su efectividad, eficacia y valorar el impacto en la salud y en el desarrollo de la población liberteña para garantizar sostenibilidad e inversión por parte de la clase técnico-política.

OBJECTIVE. Evaluate the sustainability of the Healthy Municipalities strategy in Guatemala in order to have solid evidence to support decision-making. METHODS. A concurrent mixed-methods study was carried out in five phases: 1) theoretical-conceptual (based on a narrative review of the literature on sustainability, dimensions and categories were proposed for evaluation); (2) empirical (four municipalities were selected for convenience and 29 semi-structured interviews and four focus groups were conducted with key actors to explore sustainability; with this information, a score was assigned to each category and dimension); (3) analytical, by category and dimension (content analysis was performed for qualitative information, and totals and averages were calculated for quantitative information); (4) integrative (qualitative data were integrated into matrices by category and dimension, and quantitative data were supported by qualitative information); and 5) meta-inference (consideration was given to the context and its influence on the results). RESULTS. Ninety-two (92) informants participated. In operational terms, progress was observed in the transfer and use of results, and in rotations in leadership. In the legal and political sphere, accountability and local planning were highlighted. In the economic sphere, progressive investment in health, water and sanitation was emphasized, as well as insufficient investment in social determinants of health. In the social sphere, few mechanisms were observed to promote and strengthen social participation. CONCLUSIONS. In the municipalities that participated in the study, a fair level of sustainability was observed in the Healthy Municipalities strategy.

OBJECTIVE. Evaluate the sustainability of the Healthy Municipalities strategy in Guatemala in order to have solid evidence to support decision-making. METHODS. A concurrent mixed-methods study was carried out in five phases: 1) theoretical-conceptual (based on a narrative review of the literature on sustainability, dimensions and categories were proposed for evaluation); 2) empirical (four municipalities were selected for convenience and 29 semi-structured interviews and four focus groups were conducted with key actors to explore sustainability; with this information, a score was assigned to each category and dimension); 3) analytical, by category and dimension (content analysis was performed for qualitative information, and totals and averages were calculated for quantitative information); 4) integrative (qualitative data were integrated into matrices by category and dimension, and quantitative data were supported by qualitative information); and 5) meta-inference (consideration was given to the context and its influence on the results). RESULTS. Ninety-two (92) informants participated. In operational terms, progress was observed in the transfer and use of results, and in rotations in leadership. In the legal and political sphere, accountability and local planning were highlighted. In the economic sphere, progressive investment in health, water and sanitation was emphasized, as well as insufficient investment in social determinants of health. In the social sphere, few mechanisms were observed to promote and strengthen social participation. CONCLUSIONS. In the municipalities that participated in the study, a fair level of sustainability was observed in the Healthy Municipalities strategy.

[Abstract] The administration of anesthetics during a surgical procedure has been done historically in a manual way with the anesthesiologist deciding what amounts and at what rates to use. Over the last few decades there has been a rapid increase in the automation of many medical areas including anesthesiology, with that increased level of automation have also appeared new ways to measure the level of sedation in patients. Historically, one of the most frequently index used has been the BIS, which has proven rather reliable as an indicator. More recently, another index called PSI has attracted interest of practitioners. In this article a comparison of these two indexes was performed. Data recording BIS and PSI values from surgical operations for several patients were collected and analyzed. The results seem to indicate that it is to be expected that in 95% of the cases the correlation between the BIS and PSI index will be at least 0.6866. ; This work has been supported by the grant DPI2010-18278 of the Spanish Government ; https://doi.org/10.17979/spudc.9788497498081

8 pags, 4 figs. -- The online version contains supplementary material available at https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-26184-0 ; Development of sustainable processes for hydrocarbons synthesis is a fundamental challenge in chemistry since these are of unquestionable importance for the production of many essential synthetic chemicals, materials and carbon-based fuels. Current industrial processes rely on non-abundant metal catalysts, temperatures of hundreds of Celsius and pressures of tens of bars. We propose an alternative gas phase process under mild reaction conditions using only atomic carbon, molecular hydrogen and an inert carrier gas. We demonstrate that the presence of CH2 and H radicals leads to efficient C-C chain growth, producing micron-length fibres of unbranched alkanes with an average length distribution between C23-C33. Ab-initio calculations uncover a thermodynamically favourable methylene coupling process on the surface of carbonaceous nanoparticles, which is kinematically facilitated by a trap-and-release mechanism of the reactants and nanoparticles that is confirmed by a steady incompressible flow simulation. This work could lead to future alternative sustainable synthetic routes to critical alkane-based chemicals or fuels. ; We thank Jose Criado for the artwork schematics of the system, in figures 4 and S1; Funding: We thank the European Research Council for funding support under Synergy grant ERC-2013-SyG, G.A. 610256 (NANOCOSMOS). Also, we acknowledge partial support from the Spanish MINECO through grants PID2020-113142RB-C21, PID2019106315RB-I00, and PID2019-106315RB-I00, EU ERC CoG HyMAP 648319, and from the regional government through project S2018-NMT-4367 (FotoArt-CM). AM acknowledges to the Spanish Ministry of Science (RYC2018-024561-I), to the Regional Government of Aragon (DGA E13_20R), to the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NFSC-21850410448, NSFC-21835002), and to the The Centre for Highresolution Electron Microscopy (ChEM), supported by SPST of ShanghaiTech University under contract No. EM02161943. S.K. and G.H. acknowledge funding from the Turbulent Superstructures Program of the German National Science Foundation (DFG) ; Peer reviewed