Suchergebnisse

The political opportunities variable, within the political process model, is visibly insufficient when it comes to explaining the emergence, strategies & results of the civil rights movement in the United States. This is so because it embraces a number of dimensions that are seen as necessary & sufficient to understand the relationship between different types of collective action & their specific political contexts. In clear contradiction with the political process model, the current article shows that the existence of influential allies & of a federal system did not ease the expression of the black protest; yet high decentralization & a rigid system of checks & balances did not impair the enforcement of the civil rights legislation in the mid sixties either. Brutal repression strategies did not demobilize the challengers, nor did it undermine their adherence to non-violent techniques -- brutality was, as a matter of fact, actively provoked by the civil rights activists as a way of forcing federal intervention in the South. Finally, the analysis sets out to explore the framing process from a political & instrumental, rather than from a contracultural or contentious perspective. References. Adapted from the source document.

Unveils the resilience of national institutional designs in the process of European unification, focusing on the pervasiveness of the pattern of relationship between government & industry in the environmental policy of Spain & Germany. Although the European Union (EU) is increasingly influential in environmental policy, these designs have only recently undergone slight changes. This can be explained not only by the lesser importance that the EU has heretofore attached to the connection between the systems of interest intermediation & the fulfilment of community policy goals, but also by the strength of the historical arrangements & cultural traditions at the national level. Adapted from the source document.

The Nov 2002 spillage of the oil tanker Prestige off the coast of the region of Galicia in northwestern Spain was followed by the emergence of the Galician social movement, Nunca Mais (Never Again). NM played the leading role in citizens' protest at the regional & national Popular Party governments' mismanagement of the crisis & also extended its agenda to embrace the nationwide protests against the Iraq war. The first question is why Nunca Mais was not established before, given that over the last three decades, numerous spillages have taken place off the Galician coast. In contrast to Sidney Tarrow, who uses the political opportunity structure to account for the timing of protests, we focus on the role of existing social networks & the appearance of suddenly imposed grievances. A second question concerns the consequences of Nunea Mais, or why the movement fell short of the expectations of political change which it created. 3 Tables, 21 References. Adapted from the source document.