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This paper addresses the use of invectives in modern Ghanaian politics. Evidence is drawn from public speeches of political activists of the two leading parties of the country, namely: the National Patriotic Party (NPP) and the National Democratic Congress (NDC). The paper analyses at the context as well, i.e. the participants involved, the reaction of the public, and tries to answer the question what makes a public speech or utterance an invective. It also considers some pragmatic effects of such invectives in the over all development of the country and the need for reconciliation.

This paper addresses the use of invectives in modern Ghanaian politics. Evidence is drawn from public speeches of political activists of the two leading parties of the country, namely: the National Patriotic Party (NPP) & the National Democratic Congress (NDC). The paper analyzes at the context as well, ie, the participants involved, the reaction of the public, & tries to determine what makes a public speech or utterance an invective. It also considers some pragmatic effects of such invectives in the overall development of the country & the need for reconciliation. 1 Figure, 25 References. Adapted from the source document.

"The call for transformation in critical aspects of the operations of the global construction industry is ever more critical. This book presents a review and discussion of some of these transformation areas in a research-oriented style that the scientific community will find very useful"--

Public organizations have the potential influence of procuring environmentally preferable products because such organizations are often the biggest customers within a country. Public organizations are required to take environmental considerations in all phases of the procurement process. The need to improve organizational efficiency, reduce waste, overcome supply chain risk, and achieve competitive positions have made companies to start considering environmental issues from a competitive point of view. Procuring organizations are more seriously involved in designing and implementing sustainable procurement policies by focusing on how environmental issues can be integrated in the procurement process activities. However, a clear understanding of environmental considerations and how it can be applied to the procurement process is still lacking, especially in a developing country like Ghana. This paper is a literature review which seeks to examine the environmental requirements applied in the procurement of goods in order to enhance sustainable public procurement in a developing country like Ghana.

This study intended to examine the influence subcontractor risk management has on the quality performance of building construction projects. Using a quantitative research method, five hypothesised constructs were tested. The views of 139 Heads of Works for Metropolitan, Municipal and District Assemblies (MMDAs) in Ghana were elicited using a structured questionnaire. A confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) based on structural equation model (SEM) was adopted in analysing the data obtained. The findings suggest that the management of four (financial risks, resource risks, technical risks and managerial risks) out of the five categories of risks positively influenced the quality performance of building construction projects. Relationship risks showed no significant influence on construction quality performance. The study showed quantitatively the effects of sub-contractor risks on quality performance. It provides a vivid relationship between the concept of sub-contracting and quality performance. Therefore, failure to properly manage risks sourced from sub-contractors on a building construction project will have a major adverse consequence on the quality performance of the project. This study further advances efforts at understanding the link between sub-contractor management and project performance with a particular focus on the management of risks emanating from the use of subcontractors on building projects.