Suchergebnisse

The beginning of the 21st century has seen the implementation of profound legislative reforms which have upset the criminal law and the criminal policy. They took place in a society of risk characterized by the acceleration of the modernity and the production of multiform risks which are linked to it. Gradually the precautionary principle, taken forcibly from the environmental perspective and as an incantation and a refrain, will interfere in those matters to such an extent as to generate consequences on the principle of legality which structures the modern legal rationality, to impose the revision of some other key principles like the presumption of innocence and the principle of necessity, and to place at the center of decisions critical notions such as the danger. Under the influence of the precautionary principle, the very concepts of infraction, of legal responsibility and of punishment are being dislocated by the urgent appeal to take more and more into consideration the future and its potentiality of danger. In this perspective and under the growing pressure of the precautionary principle, the right to security tends to focalize upon a victimizing approach of the society at the expense of an old conception of criminal law founded upon the legal balance between security and liberty. And the criminal policy guiding those developments operate as a new model, which in its obsessional quest of security, makes of the precautionary principle both its internal and external finality. This thesis is thus devoted to the study of the precautionary principle as it is applied to the criminal law and to the criminal policy which it examines through theories and multidisciplinary approaches .Its main objective is, by the examination of the evolution of the criminal policy and of some theories of criminology, and in contact with the ideology of precaution, to highlight the current emergence of a new legal rationality of precaution which operates according to a specific methodology and by the use of a specific terminology. ...

The beginning of the 21st century has seen the implementation of profound legislative reforms which have upset the criminal law and the criminal policy. They took place in a society of risk characterized by the acceleration of the modernity and the production of multiform risks which are linked to it. Gradually the precautionary principle, taken forcibly from the environmental perspective and as an incantation and a refrain, will interfere in those matters to such an extent as to generate consequences on the principle of legality which structures the modern legal rationality, to impose the revision of some other key principles like the presumption of innocence and the principle of necessity, and to place at the center of decisions critical notions such as the danger. Under the influence of the precautionary principle, the very concepts of infraction, of legal responsibility and of punishment are being dislocated by the urgent appeal to take more and more into consideration the future and its potentiality of danger. In this perspective and under the growing pressure of the precautionary principle, the right to security tends to focalize upon a victimizing approach of the society at the expense of an old conception of criminal law founded upon the legal balance between security and liberty. And the criminal policy guiding those developments operate as a new model, which in its obsessional quest of security, makes of the precautionary principle both its internal and external finality. This thesis is thus devoted to the study of the precautionary principle as it is applied to the criminal law and to the criminal policy which it examines through theories and multidisciplinary approaches .Its main objective is, by the examination of the evolution of the criminal policy and of some theories of criminology, and in contact with the ideology of precaution, to highlight the current emergence of a new legal rationality of precaution which operates according to a specific methodology and by the use of a specific terminology. ; Le début du 21ème siècle a vu s'ériger de profondes réformes législatives qui continuent de bouleverser le droit pénal et la politique criminelle. Elles prennent corps dans une société de risque caractérisée par l'accélération de la modernisation et la production de risques multiformes qui lui sont rattachés. Progressivement, le principe de précaution, emprunté de manière pervertie à l'environnement, et sur un mode incantatoire et répétitif, s'immiscera dans ces matières jusqu'à produire des conséquences sur le principe de légalité qui structure la rationalité pénale moderne, imposer la révision de certains autres grands principes comme celui de la présomption d'innocence et celui de nécessité, et mettre au centre des décisions des notions critiques telle la dangerosité. Sous l'influence du principe de précaution, les concepts-mêmes d'infraction, de responsabilité pénale et de peine sont bousculés avec l'invitation à prendre toujours plus en considération le futur et sa potentialité de danger. Dans cette perspective, et comme pendant au principe de précaution, le droit à la sécurité tend à déplacer la focale sur une approche victimaire de la société au détriment d'une conception ancienne d'un droit pénal fondé sur un équilibre juridique entre sécurité et liberté. Et la politique criminelle guidant ces évolutions fonctionne sur un nouveau modèle qui, dans cette recherche poussée de la sécurité, fait de la précaution à la fois sa finalité interne et sa finalité externe. Cette thèse est donc consacrée à l'étude du principe de précaution appliqué au droit pénal et à la politique criminelle qu'elle examine à la lumière de théories et d'approches pluridisciplinaires. Elle s'attache surtout à travers l'analyse de l'évolution du droit pénal et de certaines thèses criminologiques, à mettre en évidence l'émergence aujourd'hui, et au contact d'une idéologie précautionniste, d'une nouvelle rationalité pénale de précaution fonctionnant selon une méthodologie et avec l'usage d'une terminologie spécifique.