Suchergebnisse

Cover -- Halftitle page -- Title page -- Copyright page -- Contents -- Maps -- Acknowledgements -- Introduction1 -- The date of the book -- The author and his purposes -- The themes of the book -- The structure of the book -- Al-Balādhurī's use of his sources -- Al-Balādhurī's use of poetry -- Wit and humour in the Futūḥ -- Historical reliability -- Conventions -- Commentaries and notes -- Part One Conquests in the Arabian Peninsula -- 1 The conquest of Medina -- Key Readings -- 2 Conquests in the Ḥijaz The property of the Banu'l-Nadị̄r -- 3 The property of the Banū Qurayzạ -- 4 Khaybar -- Key reading -- 5 Fadak -- 6 The case of Wādi'l-Qurā and Taymā' -- 7 Mecca -- 8 The wells of Mecca -- 9 The case of the floods of Mecca -- 10 Al-Tạ̄'if -- 11 Tabāla and Jurash1 -- 12 Tabūk, Ayla, Udhruh, ̣ Maqnā and al-Jarbā' -- 13 Dūmat al-Jandal1 -- 14 The peace agreement (sụlh)̣ with Najrān -- 15 Yemen -- 16 Oman -- Key reading -- 17 Al-Bahṛayn -- 18 Al-Yamāma -- 19 Information about the ridda of the Arabs in the caliphate of Abū Bakr al-Sịdḍīq, may God be pleased with him. -- Key reading -- 20 The apostasy of Banū Walīʿa and al-Ash ʿath b. Qays b. Ma ʿdī Karib b. Mu ʿā wiya al-Kindī -- Key reading -- 21 The affair of al-Aswad al-ʿAnsī and those who apostatized with him in Yemen -- Part Two The conquests of the armies of Syria -- 22 The conquests of Syria -- 23 The expedition of Khālid b. al-Walīd to Syria and his conquests on the way -- 24 The conquest of Busṛā -- 25 The day of Ajnādīn also known as Ajnādayn -- 26 The Battle of Fihḷ in Jordan -- 27 The case of Jordan -- 28 The Battle of Marj al- Sụffar -- 29 The conquest of Damascus and its territory -- 30 The case of Ḥoms ̣ -- 31 The Battle of al-Yarmūk -- 32 The case of Palestine -- 33 The case of the Jund of Qinnasrīn and the cities which are called the ʿAwāsịm -- 34 The case of Cyprus.

AbstractKnowledge hiding has been the topic of some research in supply chains in the last few years. These studies either identify antecedents of knowledge hiding or its negative consequences. However, studies pertaining to how knowledge hiding adversely affect buyer–supplier relationships are scant. Based on an initial pilot study comprising six semistructured with managers engaged in the process of buying and selling products and services, our results unveil three factors (lack of interpersonal trust, mutual loyalty, and limited interaction), which affect business relationship between managers of buying and supplying firms, when they hide knowledge from each other. This article concludes by discussing its initial contributions to theory. Finally, study limitations and future research direction are articulated.

peer-reviewed ; This study investigates the technical feasibility of MWCNTs for acetaminophen (Ace) removal from synthetic wastewater in batch mode. To improve their removal performance, the surface of the MWCNTs was chemically modified with NaOH, HNO3/H2SO4, ozone and/or chitosan. The effects of pertinent parameters such as reaction time, dose, pH, and agitation speed on the Ace removal were evaluated. Their removal performance on Ace was compared to those of previous studies. The adsorption mechanisms of Ace removal by the MWCNTs are also presented. It is evident from this study that after chemical modification on its surface, the treated nano-adsorbent significantly enhanced Ace removal from wastewater. Among all types of those adsorbents, the ozone-treated MWCNT stands out for the highest Ace removal (95%) under the same initial Ace concentration of 10 mg/L. Their adsorption capacities, applicable to the Freundlich isotherm model, are listed as: ozone-treated MWCNT (250 mg/g) > chitosan-coated MWCNT (205 mg/g) > acid-treated MWCNT (160 mg/g) > NaOH-treated MWCNT (130 mg/g) > as-received MWCNT (90 mg/g). Although the ozone-treated MWCNT has the most outstanding performance in Ace removal, its treated effluent still could not meet the required effluent limit of less than 0.2 mg/L set by China's legislation. This suggests that further treatment using biological processes needs to be carried out to complement Ace removal from the wastewater samples.

The Indian crested porcupine (Hystrix indica) is a vertebrate pest of agricultural lands and forest. The study was aimed to report the damage to local crops by the Indian crested porcupine (Hystrix indica) in the Muzaffarabad District. A survey was conducted to identify the porcupine-affected areas and assess the crop damage to the local farmers in district Muzaffarabad Azad Jammu and Kashmir (AJK) from May 2017 to October 2017. Around 19 villages were surveyed, and a sum of 191 semi-structured questionnaires was distributed among farmers. Crop damage was found highest in village Dhanni where a porcupine destroyed 175 Kg/Kanal of the crops. Regarding the total magnitude of crop loss, village Danna and Koomi kot were the most affected areas. More than half (51.8%) of the respondents in the study area suffered the economic loss within the range of 101-200$, and (29.8%) of the people suffered losses in the range of 201-300$ annually. Among all crops, maize (Zea mays) was found to be the most damaged crop ranging between 1-300 Kg annually. In the study area, porcupine also inflicted a lot of damages to some important vegetables, including spinach (Spinacia oleracea), potato (Solanum tuberosum) and onion (Allium cepa). It was estimated that, on average, 511Kg of vegetables are destroyed by porcupine every year in the agricultural land of Muzaffarabad. It was concluded that the Indian crested porcupine has a devastating effect on agriculture which is an important source of income and food for the local community. Developing an effective pest control strategy with the help of the local government and the Wildlife department could help the farmers to overcome this problem.

This paper analyses and assesses how existing policies and approaches in South Asia consider long-term climate change adaptation. Presently, it is unclear what approaches are used in the existing policies to cope with the future climatic changes. Our research framework consists of two components. First, we identify and define key characteristics of adaptation policy approaches based on a review of scientific journal articles. The key characteristics identified are institutional flexibility, adaptive nature, scalability and reflexivity. Second, we analyse the presence of these characteristics in the climate change adaptation policies of Bangladesh, India, Nepal, and Pakistan. Our findings show that the four South Asian countries contribute to only 8% of the total journal articles on adaptation policy, with least papers representing Pakistan and Nepal. Reviewing the adaptation policies, we find that except for the Climate Change Policy of Nepal, none of the policies discusses transboundary scale adaptation approaches. The identified adaptation policies lack focus on shared transboundary resources between the countries, and instead focus at national or sub-national scale. This is reflected by relatively low scores for the scalability characteristic. All the countries show high scores for institutional flexibility, suggesting that changing roles and responsibilities between government agencies for adaptation planning and implementation is accepted in the four countries. We conclude that to prevent a loss of flexibility and to promote scalability of shared transboundary resources, policy approaches such as anticipatory governance, robust decision-making, and adaptation pathways can be useful for long-term climate change adaptation.