Suchergebnisse

This book examines the complex nature of Pakistan-Japan relations, focusing on two key factors: economic interests and security concerns in the US-led global security system. Providing a thorough analysis of the history of relations between the countries, it also sets out future prospects for economic and diplomatic relations

Underneath the first executive stroke exercised by President Donald Trump, the US has withdrawn the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP). Trump has his own logic of resurrecting the US economy, creating more jobs, protecting industries, arresting currency devaluation by the Asian countries and banning the corrupt practices of dumping cheap imports from the Asian trading partners, notably by China. However, the Asian partners think otherwise. They were demanding for the great opportunities offered by the US market and consumers. For them, the US withdrawal is a severe setback to the robust economic ties with the US and for the multilateral Free Trade Agreements (FTAs) in the Asia-Pacific region. As the TPP was considered to jointly target the Chinese economy by the 12 partners. On the contrary, the US withdrawal, furnished with an unprecedented leverage to China to continuously grow in the 21st century and to overcome its economic slowdown while further expanding its economy.

Trade volume between Pakistan and China largely remained insignificant. It did not constitute a viable economic partnership between the two countries until the first decade of the present century. Bilateral trade could further strengthen Pakistan-China relationship. China-Pakistan Free Trade Agreement (FTA) in effect from July 2007, introduced a new dimension in the promotion of the bilateral trade. As Pakistan could not devise a dynamic trading policy toward China, this resulted in a huge trade deficit with China after 1984. Pakistani industry and exporters should adopt new measures to increase exports to China and to bring about a reasonable equality in mutual trading relations.

This paper aims to find out the vital barriers that affecting the implementation of Green Design practice, which is part of the Green Supply Chain Management (GSCM) application in construction industry. GSCM is an innovative strategy that integrates environmental and social considerations with involving all parties in product (building) design stage, procurement, materials sourcing and selection, completion and handover to the ultimate users without overlooking the end-of-life management of the product. By the same time, GSCM also can improve both short and long-term competitiveness and profitability of the organisation. Green design application can reduce the environmental effects throughout the product lifecycle by minimising the resources and energy consumption. The objectives of this study are to determine and analyse the critical barriers that preventing Green Design related activities among contractors in construction industry. Quantitative research method with survey questionnaire was employed in this study. Total 450 sets of questionnaire were distributed with 21.8% response rate. The independent variables in this study was the barriers of Green Design implementation while the dependent variable was the adoption level of Green Design practice in construction industry. In short, four (4) barriers are identified, which were Government Supports, Company Resources, Knowledge and Information, and Financial issue barriers. Results of the study shown that Government Supports and Company Resources barriers were significant for Green Design practice. Significance of this research is to provide a better understanding of green practices, such as GSCM, to deal with current environmental issues and to realise the recent problems and obstacles faced by all construction players, so that further actions are required for a successful GSCM implementation in order to move towards a sustainable environment in the future.

Economic development typically faced many hurdles, like policymakers do not focus on the potential factors which create hurdles in economic development. One of the problems of economic development is climate change, which directly caused global warming. Climate change and global warming occurred due to human induced greenhouse gas production and the use of fossil fuel (manufacturing and industrial process) which produce a massive amount of carbon emission gas. Furthermore, climate change has many side effects like the rapid loss of glaciers, rising sea levels, severe heat waves, etc. Thailand is the land of tropical beaches but even the temperature increased to a certain high level in summer due to the effect of climate change. According to the intergovernmental panel report, the sea level increased over time due to climate change which is almost the average of 1.8 mm per year. So, this situation is unpredictable and the arid zone of this country is now facing the severity of droughts with increased frequency. So, the objective of this study is to examine the long run association between carbon emission, energy consumption, and financial development in Thailand. This study used the timer series data from 1980 to 2018 which is taken from (World Bank, 2020). The autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model was used to examine that long run relationship and the results indicate that there exists a uni-directional and long run relationship among financial development and carbon dioxide. So, policymakers highlight the issue of global warming and serious action against the excessive use of carbon emission because it is a serious obstacle to human wellbeing which results in an unproductive capacity of the employee. Furthermore, the government needs to establish policies that help companies to adopt environmentally-friendly equipment's which produce less carbon emission.

The study reviewed the course codes at undergraduate level in selected universities and Higher Education Commission (HEC). The objectives of the study were to investigate the coding system of courses and propose a system for coding the courses at tertiary level in Pakistan. The coding system of different universities, inside and outside Pakistan, was analyzed and a system of coding was proposed. The study found discrepancies in the coding of courses that cause difficulties for academic bodies and transfer of credits from one university to another. It is recommended that courses of a degree required may be divided in 1) General Education requirements, 2) Subject specific foundation courses, 3) subject specific major compulsory courses, and 4) subject specific major elective courses. For codes 2, 3 or 4 capital letters for a subject along with three numbers (xxx) may be used to specify each course of the university. The left digit of the three may be used for the hardship level. The courses 1xx, 2xx, 3xx and 4xx will be taught in the first, second, third and fourth year, respectively and research may be given 500 at undergraduate level, courses of 5 year may be placed in 5xx and research may be coded as 599. The graduate level courses for MPhil /MS /PhD may be coded as 6xx, 7xx and 8xx for MPhil and PhD all over the country.

Students' political parties are allowed in the universities of Pakistan. But what is the influence of these political parties on the university students is a very critical issue. Through media teachers, parents, society members and educationists are opposing these parties. The purpose of this study was to find out the impact of these parties on the university students. Questionnaire and observation sheet are the tools of the research. This study was descriptive in nature and mix method (triangulation) approach was used. Findings of the study indicated that the subjects of the study (University Students, Parents and Teachers) were strongly against the students' political parties and their activities. The results were also indicating that criminal damage, injuries, deaths are at top in the presence of these political parties in the universities. Some other interesting findings were also drawn about the political parties' practise in the universities.