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This study aims to analyze the extent to which the quality of public communication provided by the village administration to the community and to form a strategy to improve the quality of public communication at the village government level. This research method uses qualitative-descriptive method which draws resources directly from several villages in Mandailing Natal Regency. The results of the study prove that there are still many shortcomings and weaknesses of public communication at the village government level and there is no awareness of improving the quality of communication. There are 8 strategies that researchers suggest including improving the quality of human resources in the field of communication and information, strengthening the integration of information governance and public communication in accordance with the principles of public information disclosure, strengthening local and alternative media as the main source of public information, need to provide public information content quality and equitable, especially for people in disadvantaged areas, an increase in access to public participation in determining public policies directly and digitally, increasing public media literacy through education and socio-cultural approaches, compiling village public relations standards and forming digital volunteers and strengthening the role of community leaders.

This study describes and analyzes the influence of the idea of Pan Islamism in the Ottoman Caliphate during the reign of Sultan Abdul Hamid II using qualitative research methods. The framework of thinking needs to be used to explain the object of research from the core of the problem in more detail, the main problems of this research, namely: 1. The social and political conditions of the Ottoman Turks before and the beginning of the leadership of Sultan Abdul Hamid II, 2. Understanding Pan Islamism and how the process of spreading the idea of Pan Islamism in the Ottoman Caliphate, 3. The influence of Pan Islamism on the Ottoman Caliphate during the reign of Sultan Abdul Hamid II. This study uses historical research methods through several stages of historical methods, such as data collection (heuristics), source criticism, interpretation and historical writing (historyography) so that a study can be carried out regularly and accurately. The theory used in this research, namely the theory of influence which is used to explain and reveal the influence of Pan Islamism in Ottoman Turkey, and also uses the theory of diffusion of innovation to describe the process of spreading the idea of Pan Islamism. The results of this study indicate that Pan Islamism has an influence on the fields of education, religion, physical facilities, and especially the political field. Pan Islamism which became the political policy of Tukir Ottomans since the time of Sultan Abdul Hamid II succeeded in building support from Muslims in various regions against the Ottoman Turks. The idea of Pan Islamism continued to develop in the Ottoman Empire until its collapse in 1924. ; Penelitian ini mendeskripsikan dan menganalisis mengenai pengaruh dari ide Pan Islamisme di kekhilafahan Turki Utsmani pada masa Sultan Abdul Hamid II dengan menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif. Kerangka berpikir perlu digunakan untuk menjelaskan mengenai objek penelitian dari inti permasalahan agar lebih terpeinci, pokok dari permasalahan penelitian ini, yaitu : 1. ...

After studying the professional practices related to the management of medical records in Kuwaiti hospitals, it became utterly evident that there is inadequate understanding about maintaining the health information of patients. This dire situation is further compounded by the absence of official regulations established by the Ministry of Health for hospitals to effectively assess and manage medical records. Through this study, the researchers aimed to assess the medical records system in multiple healthcare settings in Kuwait, comprising government, private, and oil sectors. The study was carried out from May 2019 to July 2020 and used a self-developed, pilot-tested questionnaire measuring various aspects of the medical records management system. A total of 98 participants responded to the survey. The study results revealed that 43% of hospitals were using paper-based medical records, as compared to 53% that used both paper-based and electronic media. Moreover, 40% of hospitals in Kuwait did not adhere to the Ministry of Health policies regarding medical records disposition; instead, they developed their own hospital-based disposition policy. Moreover, the study findings showed that there were clear discrepancies in record retention policies among the participating hospitals, and the duration of record retention varied from 2 years, 5 years, 10 years, and more than 20 years across hospitals in Kuwait. In conclusion, national policies and guidelines need to be established to monitor the medical record systems in Kuwaiti hospitals to further enable better patient care and improve healthcare facilities. Furthermore, it has become indispensable to develop and maintain electronic health records as they constitute an integral part of modern healthcare.

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore how localized (organization-level) actors of policy initiatives that are inspired by neoliberal ideologies use management accounting and control practices. Specifically, it addresses the operational stages of a case study Private Finance Initiative (PFI) contract within the United Kingdom's (UK's) transport sector of roads for embedding government objectives in the underlying project road. Design/methodology/approach This paper adopts Dean's (2010) analytics of government to unpack the accounting-based control practices within the case study contract in order to articulate how, at the micro level, the government's objective of improving road-users' safety is enacted, modified and maintained through such regimes. Findings Drawing on a content-based analysis of UK government PFI policy and extensive case study-specific documents, together with interviews and observations, this research provides theoretical insights about how control practices, at a distance without direct intervention, function as forms of power for government for shaping the performance of the PFI contractor. The authors find that the public sector's accounting control regimes in the case study project have a constraining effect on "real partnership working" between the government and private contractors and on the private sector's incentive to innovate. Research limitations/implications By analyzing a single road case study PFI contract, the findings may not be generalizable. Originality/value This paper provides significant theoretically informed insights about how public service delivery that is outsourced to private contractors is controlled by government at a distance within complex organizational arrangements (e.g. PFI).

Purpose: Using Dean's (2010) analytics of government, this research explores how regimes of governing practices are linked to the underlying policy rationalities in dealing with the UK government's COVID-19 testing policies as a strategy for governing at a distance, including how targets were set and operationalized. Design/methodology/approach: This paper draws on the UK government's policy documents, other official publications (plans) and parliamentary discourse, together with publicly available media information related to its COVID-19 policies. Findings: This research reveals that, with respect to the governance of COVID-19 in the UK, testing has the dual role of inscription for the government's performance and classification for the pandemic risks. The analysis illustrates that the central role of testing is as a technology for classification for identifying and monitoring the virus-related risks. Moreover, our discourse analysis suggests that initially COVID-19 testing was used by the UK government more for performance communication, with the classificatory role of testing and its performativity as a strategic device evolving and only being acknowledged by government gradually as the underlying testing infrastructure was developed. Research limitations/implications: This paper is based upon publicly available reports and other information of a single country's attempts to control COVID-19 over a relatively short period of time. Originality/value: This paper provides a critical understanding of the role of (accounting) numbers in developing an effective government policy for governing COVID-19.

Utilizing evidence from a United Kingdom (UK) road case study Private Finance Initiative (PFI) project, this article considers how the UK central government's infrastructure strategy is operationalized through accounting‐based performance measures and incentive systems, and articulates how the adoption of such systems is moderated by trust practices. The findings indicate that initial government policy objectives, translated as performance indicators in the case study, failed to offer adequate incentives for contractors and created tensions. However, controls were later developed through inter‐party trust practices for managing performance and relational risk. These findings have important implications for PFI policy and practice, including that negotiation can: (i) lead to pragmatic controls being introduced to foster cooperation and trust‐building; and (ii) provide opportunities for adapting the monitoring and incentive mechanisms. This study also contributes to the previous literature where PFI control systems were largely regarded as inadequate for dealing with unforeseen conflicts between parties.

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to explore how localized (organization-level) actors of policy initiatives that are inspired by neoliberal ideologies use management accounting and control practices. Specifically, it addresses the operational stages of a case study Private Finance Initiative (PFI) contract within the United Kingdom's (UK's) transport sector of roads for embedding government objectives in the underlying project road. Design/methodology/approach: This paper adopts Dean's (2010) analytics of government to unpack the accounting-based control practices within the case study contract in order to articulate how, at the micro level, the government's objective of improving road-users' safety is enacted, modified and maintained through such regimes. Findings: Drawing on a content-based analysis of UK government PFI policy and extensive case study-specific documents, together with interviews and observations, this research provides theoretical insights about how control practices, at a distance without direct intervention, function as forms of power for government for shaping the performance of the PFI contractor. The authors find that the public sector's accounting control regimes in the case study project have a constraining effect on "real partnership working" between the government and private contractors and on the private sector's incentive to innovate. Research limitations/implications: By analyzing a single road case study PFI contract, the findings may not be generalizable. Originality/value: This paper provides significant theoretically informed insights about how public service delivery that is outsourced to private contractors is controlled by government at a distance within complex organizational arrangements (e.g. PFI).

Utilizing evidence from a United Kingdom (UK) road case study Private Finance Initiative (PFI) project, this article considers how the UK central government's infrastructure strategy is operationalized through accounting‐based performance measures and incentive systems, and articulates how the adoption of such systems is moderated by trust practices. The findings indicate that initial government policy objectives, translated as performance indicators in the case study, failed to offer adequate incentives for contractors and created tensions. However, controls were later developed through inter‐party trust practices for managing performance and relational risk. These findings have important implications for PFI policy and practice, including that negotiation can: (i) lead to pragmatic controls being introduced to foster cooperation and trust‐building; and (ii) provide opportunities for adapting the monitoring and incentive mechanisms. This study also contributes to the previous literature where PFI control systems were largely regarded as inadequate for dealing with unforeseen conflicts between parties.

Utilizing evidence from a United Kingdom (UK) road case study Private Finance Initiative (PFI) project, this article considers how the UK central government's infrastructure strategy is operationalized through accounting‐based performance measures and incentive systems, and articulates how the adoption of such systems is moderated by trust practices. The findings indicate that initial government policy objectives, translated as performance indicators in the case study, failed to offer adequate incentives for contractors and created tensions. However, controls were later developed through inter‐party trust practices for managing performance and relational risk. These findings have important implications for PFI policy and practice, including that negotiation can: (i) lead to pragmatic controls being introduced to foster cooperation and trust‐building; and (ii) provide opportunities for adapting the monitoring and incentive mechanisms. This study also contributes to the previous literature where PFI control systems were largely regarded as inadequate for dealing with unforeseen conflicts between parties.

Consumption rates of major forest products such as timber and
firewood, place significant strain on wood stock and forest area in
Pakistan. With the country's rising population, the consumption of these
two major products is increasing because of the growing energy demand,
and no alternative products are likely to replace wood consumption in
the near future. We apply system dynamics modelling to an analysis of
the forestry sector in Pakistan for novel insights into the drivers and
future trajectories of wood consumption. The present research is based
on time series macroeconomic data from 1990-2010 and projections to 2040
of wood supply, forest area, population growth, wood extraction, wood
imports and different uses of wood in the country. The study reveals
that there is no significant increase in area under forest, while
consumption of firewood and timber has increased. The consumption of
firewood is greater than timber consumption in Pakistan, both in
percentage share and in total volume of wood consumption. The
sustainable supply of wood is less than wood consumption, and with
population growth this gap is increasing; wood supply from agricultural
lands is a viable option to fill the gap. Keywords: Wood Consumption,
Sustainable Wood Supply, Projected Wood Shortage