Suchergebnisse

This research aims to explain why the Prophet Muhammad comply withThe Hudaybiya Treaty although in its articles are considered harmful. By answering the question above, it is expected to build a model of compliance to international agreement in the Islamic perspective. Christian Reus-Smit'sintertistial conception of politics considered appropriate in this study because it provides space for the role of ideas such as identity and norm in explaining a political action. This study found Prophet Muhammad complieswith Treaty of Hudaibiyah because of political deliberation which integrate four type or reason: idiographic, purposive, ethical, and instrumental. Ideographic deliberation determines the formulation of interest (purposive deliberation). The formulation of these interests will determine the action (instrumental deliberation) in accordance with the available resources and external constrain faced, as well as appropriate with or not contrary to Islamic norms and universally applicable norms (ethical deliberation). Ideographically, based on identities: as believers who should obey Allah and His Messenger, as a noble people who hold the promise. Purposively, the mission of Muslims is to preach the religion of monotheism to all mankind, therefore the condition of peace and religious freedom must be realized. Ethically, the question of how should we act is answered by everything done must in concordance with Islamic rules and customary law norms which emphasize the obligation to comply with the concluded agreements. Instrumentally, the chosen action which in line with the formulated interest and in accordance with the norms of Islam is complieswith the peace treaty.

The Muslim Brotherhood (MB) is an obstacle that disrupts Qatar's relations with its neighbors in the Gulf, especially Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates. Qatar's different position with the fellow Gulf countries towards Muslim Brotherhood became one of the problems that caused the estrangement of the relationship. The dispute led to demands that Qatar ends its support for the Muslim Brotherhood. However, Qatar remains unmoved in maintaining good relations with the Muslim Brotherhood. This article aims to answer why Qatar retains its relationship with the Muslim Brotherhood amid the severing of diplomatic ties from fellow Gulf countries. This research uses qualitative research methods with library studies. This study uses secondary data obtained from books, journals, and the internet, which are then interpreted and concluded utilizing the concept of nested power. This article finds that Qatar maintains its relationship with the Muslim Brotherhood to maintain national political stability by accommodating the Muslim Brotherhood in government circles, especially in education and da'wah. Meanwhile, Qatar utilizes the global MB network at the regional and international levels to lift Qatar's branding as an essential actor in the Muslim world and the Globe.

This journal article focuses on the issue of discrimination against Uighur Muslims in China. The purpose of this study is to describe the response of Saudi Arabia to the discrimination cases against Uighur Muslims in China. This study also tries to find out the reason behind the response and Saudi Arabia's policies on this issue. This is a qualitative research, using Rational Choice approach to analyze the attitude of Saudi Arabia's government behind their decision, and the source of analysis come from the articles and journals. Based on the analysis, this research found that there is one strong reason why Saudi Arabia chose to remain silent about the discrimination cases of Uighur Muslims and sided with China when western countries condemned the Chinese government's actions against discrimination Uighur Muslims. Furthermore, this research is limited in scope by only discussing and focusing in economic, so this research can be refined by further research by discussing and focusing on several things that have not been explained in more detail in this study.

Purpose of the study: The paper examines the waves of criticism on the Indonesian government's violations in the implementation of the Helsinki agreement 2005 between Indonesia and the Aceh National Liberation Front (GAM). The question is, why the Aceh government which is controlled by GAM is retaining and loyal to the peace treaty when the Government of Indonesia has less attention. The objective of this research is to identify the latent interest in the post-conflict period. Methodology: By the qualitative method, data from the Aceh region were collected by interviewing selected informants from stakeholders in parliament, bureaucrats, academicians, local parties' leaders, and ex-combatants. Main Findings: The findings show that the existence of the idea of self-government in Aceh societies is still maintained, and peace agreement becomes a new document of struggle in a democratic system. Applications of this study: This research is useful for those who involved in the peace agreement including the Conflict Management Initiative and the European Union who initiated the peace to find common ground on the issue of the implementation of all points in the agreement which has not been realized until now. Novelty/Originality of this study: The research argues that Aceh government that dominated by GAM exponents, has efforts to defend the treaty as a legal-political instrument to reach the self-government's status with its main elements namely local parties, the Aceh Guardian institutions, and recognition of Aceh society with flag and hymn as continuity of ideological movement. It implicates the dynamic of relations between the center and the regional government.