Suchergebnisse

Martin J. Ahmed zeigt in seiner Arbeit, dass Bevölkerungsvorausberechnungen nicht nur den Umfang und die Altersstruktur einer Gesellschaft, sondern auch ihre zukünftige Bildungsstruktur voraus schätzen können. Wie ist es um die zukünftige Bevölkerungsstruktur Deutschlands bestellt, wenn Eltern mit höheren Bildungsabschlüssen weniger Kinder bekommen und die Zugehörigkeit zu Bildungsschichten weiterhin in messbarem Umfang an die Kindergeneration vererbt wird? Dieser Frage geht das erste Bevölkerungsvorausberechnungsmodell seiner Art mit empirischen Daten zu bildungsdifferentieller Fertilität und intergenerationaler Bildungsmobilität nach und entwirft verschiedene Szenarien für die Alters- und Bildungsstruktur der Jahre 2030 und 2060.

Martin J. Ahmed zeigt in seiner Arbeit, dass Bevölkerungsvorausberechnungen nicht nur den Umfang und die Altersstruktur einer Gesellschaft, sondern auch ihre zukünftige Bildungsstruktur voraus schätzen können.Wie ist es um die zukünftige Bevölkerungsstruktur Deutschlands bestellt, wenn Eltern mit höheren Bildungsabschlüssen weniger Kinder bekommen und die Zugehörigkeit zu Bildungsschichten weiterhin in messbarem Umfang an die Kindergeneration vererbt wird? Dieser Frage geht das erste Bevölkerungsvorausberechnungsmodell seiner Art mit empirischen Daten zu bildungsdifferentieller Fertilität und intergenerationaler Bildungsmobilität nach und entwirft verschiedene Szenarien für die Alters- und Bildungsstruktur der Jahre 2030 und 2060. Der Inhalt Forschungsstand Bevölkerungsvorausberechnungen, Fertilität und Bildungsmobilität Modell der Bevölkerungsvorausberechnung Bildungsdifferentielle Fertilität Intergenerationale Bildungsmobilität Ergebnisse einer bildungsdifferentiellen Bevölkerungsvorausberechnung Die Zielgruppen Dozenten und Studenten der Soziologie, VWL, Statistik, Fachbereich Demographie Politik, Beratung und Journalismus in den Bereichen Bildungs- und Familienpolitik, Arbeitsmarkt, Soziales, Migration, Herkunftseffekte, Chancenungleichheiten sowie Bevölkerungsentwicklung Der Autor Martin J. Ahmed studierte Volkswirtschaftslehre und Soziologie an der Universität zu Köln. Zu den Kernfeldern seiner wissenschaftlichen Arbeit zählen Finanzwissenschaft, Wirtschaftspolitik sowie Bildungs- und Bevölkerungssoziologie und Demographie

This article presents a polynomial-based image compression scheme, which consists of using the color model (YUV) to represent color contents and using two-dimensional polynomial coding (first-order) with variable block size according to correlation between neighbor pixels. The residual part of the polynomial for all bands is analyzed into two parts, most important (big) part, and least important (small) parts. Due to the significant subjective importance of the big group; lossless compression (based on Run-Length spatial coding) is used to represent it. Furthermore, a lossy compression system scheme is utilized to approximately represent the small group; it is based on an error-limited adaptive coding system and using the transform coding scheme (discrete cosine transform or bi-orthogonal transform). Experimentally, the developed system has achieved high compression ratios with acceptable quality for color images. The performance results are comparable to those introduced in recent studies; the accomplishment of the introduced image compression system was analyzed and compared with the performance of the JPEG standard. The results of the developed system show better performance than that of the JPEG standard.

Fractal image compression depends on representing an image using affine transformations. The main concern for researches in the discipline of fractal image compression (FIC) algorithm is to decrease encoding time needed to compress image data. The basic technique is that each portion of the image is similar to other portions of the same image. In this process, there are many models that were developed. The presence of fractals was initially noticed and handled using Iterated Function System (IFS); that is used for encoding images. In this paper, a review of fractal image compression is discussed with its variants along with other techniques. A summarized review of contributions is achieved to determine the fulfillment of fractal image compression, specifically for the block indexing methods based on the moment descriptor. Block indexing method depends on classifying the domain and range blocks using moments to generate an invariant descriptor that reduces the long encoding time. A comparison is performed between the blocked indexing technology and other fractal image techniques to determine the importance of block indexing in saving encoding time and achieving better compression ratio while maintaining image quality on Lena image.

Buildings inevitably deteriorate with time. Schools buildings are no exception and require refurbishment at times. Despite the UK Government announcing the £1 billion funding for rebuilding 50 schools over 10 years starting 2010–2021, it is common practice for builders and designers to, upon completion of a building project, move on to the next development without considering how the completed building performs. This research undertakes a post occupancy evaluation (POE) of three schools in the West Midlands, UK with specific focus on building services, viz., heating, lighting, and air conditioning and ventilation. The research adopted a mixed philosophical approach of interpretivism and post-positivism to conduct inductive reasoning. A questionnaire that collected both quantitative and qualitative primary data was distributed to the end-users of the schools. Data was analysed using the Cronbach's alpha, one sample t-test and Kruskal–Wallis test to identify any differences between the questionnaire responses. Findings revealed that building users demanded greater control of the internal environment thus contradicting the current trend for automated 'intelligent systems' approaches. This research represents the first work to consider the contractor's perspective towards developing a better understanding of client satisfaction with the school buildings. Moreover, the POE result represents a notable pragmatic advancement to knowledge that will influence the contractor's knowledge and understanding of client satisfaction, and where to improve upon these.

BACKGROUND: Healthcare-associated infections (HAI) are considered one of the most common adverse events in health care service provision. In order to prevent the occurrence of HAIs, it is important to implement several prevention strategies. OBJECTIVES: This study aims to determine the incidence of healthcare-associated infections in a military hospital in Alkharj and the adherence to the HAIs' prevention strategies. METHODS: This study included exporting data for all infected cases confirmed by the infection disease specialists in 2019. The data were collected from the reports that were written by infection control unit and infectious disease department. RESULTS: The rate of healthcare associated infections (HAIs) in 2019 was 0.43% of total patient admissions. The rate of central line associated bloodstream infections in 2019 was 1.15 per 1000 central line days. The rate of catheter associated urinary tract infections in 2019 was 1.00 per 1000 catheter days. The rate of ventilator associated pneumonia in 2019 was 2.11 per 1000 ventilator days and the rate of surgical site infections in 2019 was 0.41 %. CONCLUSION: The rate of overall healthcare-associated infections (HAI) was low. The compliance rate of health care workers to preventive measures that control HAIs was generally high but there was a need for more awareness particularly regarding personal protective equipment and hand hygiene. So it is important to attend more awareness activities and workshops particularly regarding personal protective equipment and hand hygiene. Furthermore, infection control unit and infectious disease department in the hospital should support the robust HAI prevention programs.