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Deaths by Suicide is a devastating outcome in Psychiatry. From 2019 to 2020, deaths by Suicide in India have increased by more than 10%. A detailed Critical analysis of the updated socio demographics, preventive measures, role of helplines and awareness programs and updated genetics, intracellular mechanisms and neural networks are discussed. Futuristic Aspects of Legalization of Cannabis Use in India and Across the Globe. 1.Legal Aspects Of Cannabis Use: Rules & Regulations In India & Abroad. Seemingly the law varies across the globe. Each country has their rules & regulations to control the use of illicit drug and substances.(1;) 2.Patterns of use of cannabis: -This is being disseminated in the form of modak, sweets, grass, drink and joints predominately practicing in the country from where it was disseminated.(2;) 3.Overuse of and persistent use of cannabis: -It will lead to create lot of complications such as social, psychological & legal despite of its therapeutic uses.(3;) 4.Psychosocial consequences of over use of cannabis barrier of treatment and prevention of cannabis use prevention:-Since this substance has multiple indignation in treatment as well as special therapeutic indication in palliative care and end stage life care compels to restate the laws to form new legislative regulations to use this substance that is why the increasing demand of therapeutic uses in detoxification of other substances from more harmful to less harmful use favors legalization.(4,5.) Presenter: - 5: - Chairperson Prof. Dr. Gautam Anand (HOD Psychiatry Department, MMC&H) (Email ID: - drganandgwl@gmail.com) 4: -Co-Chairperson Prof. Dr. Kunal Kumar (HOD & Professor Sharda Hospital) 3: - Dr. Umang Gupta (P G JR-2 MMC& H) 2: - Dr. Shreya Kataria (P G JR-2 MMC& H) 1: - Dr. Srishti Arora (P G JR-2 MMC& H)

AbstractA growing body of empirical evidence suggests a positive link between boardroom gender diversity and corporate social responsibility (CSR) performance in developed economy firms. However, there is a paucity of evidence regarding whether this relationship holds true for developing economy firms. Relying on stakeholder and institutional theory, this study examines for a positive link between board gender diversity and enhanced corporate social performance of firms across three Asia Pacific emerging economies (Malaysia, Pakistan, and Thailand). We find a significant relationship between board gender diversity and enhanced adoption of CSR in these emerging markets. Given that emerging societies and their environments are often the most vulnerable to unethical corporate practices, our finding that female directors can play a strategic role in enabling firms to ethically manage their social responsibilities and sustainable practices has important policy implications for regulators and stakeholders. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment

Purpose
This study aims to examine the impact of board characteristics on debt choice.


Design/methodology/approach
The sample comprises of unique nonfinancial firms listed in the FTSE 350 over the period 2011–2018. This study uses Tobit and OLS regressions to check the impact of board characteristics on debt choice. The results are robust to the battery of robust checks.


Findings
This study finds that board size and board independence are positively associated with public debt. However, CEO duality and board meetings frequency are inversely associated with public debt. Overall, the findings are consistent with the "financial intermediation theory" that the firms with weak governance rely on bank financing, and firms with better corporate governance go for public debt.


Research limitations/implications
This study offers significant insights for investors and policymakers.


Originality/value
This study offers new insights regarding the role of board characteristics in firms' debt choice by showing the significant impact of board characteristics on debt choice. The findings indicate that the board's efficient internal monitoring may substitute external monitoring by the bank.

PurposePrevious research has posited country image to operate at two levels: the country's macro image, based on general politico-economic descriptors of the country, and the country's micro image, based on perceptions of products from the country. The purpose of this paper is to further explore this premise in a practical study, using a psychometric assessment of macro and micro country images by ascertaining the nature of differences in macro and micro images of leading exporters, the USA and China, for consumers in Malaysia, a top import destination of US and Chinese goods; the images of Malaysian goods were similarly assessed.Design/methodology/approachThe study used a systematic sample, with questionnaires distributed to adult respondents using a street intercept. Interviewers asked every other passer-by to fill out a questionnaire, and stood in close proximity to address any questions from respondents. The study hypothesized that there is a significant difference between country macro and micro image, respectively for the USA, China and Malaysia, and that there is significant relationship between country macro image and country micro image in each country, respectively, USA, China and Malaysia.FindingsThe study found support for the reliability of existing country micro and macro image measures, and further refined them for increased validity. The study compared between the countries and found significant differences on both macro and micro dimensions of country image. The US scored highest on technological research, high quality products, standards of living, labor costs, welfare system, industrialization, civilian government, development, literacy, free-market system and democracy, followed by China on technological research, industrialization, development and free-market system, with Malaysia scoring higher on product quality, labor costs, welfare system, civilian government is civilian/non-military, literacy, free-market system and democracy.Research limitations/implicationsA broader study of countries that share geopolitical and cultural similarities might offer additional insights into country macro and micro image.Practical implicationsThe study cautions marketers to assess the acceptance of their products in the context of their country's macro and micro image perceptions in target markets, and steer those perceptions in a manner that would be beneficial to their marketing efforts.Originality/valueThe conceptualization of themacroandmicroaspects of country image has been one of the less studied dimensions of country image. This study is the first to address these dimensions from an emerging-market perspective, suggesting that, at themacrolevel, country perceptions regarding technology, economy, and politics contribute to an overall impression of the country, which would then influence the desirability of its products originating there. For themicrocountry image, products from countries perceived as innovative, excelling in product design, and producing prestigious products, are likely to be perceived as desirable.

Purpose – Previous research has posited country image to operate at two levels: the country's macro image, based on general politico-economic descriptors of the country, and the country's micro image, based on perceptions of products from the country. The purpose of this paper is to further explore this premise in a practical study, using a psychometric assessment of macro and micro country images by ascertaining the nature of differences in macro and micro images of leading exporters, the USA and China, for consumers in Malaysia, a top import destination of US and Chinese goods; the images of Malaysian goods were similarly assessed. Design/methodology/approach – The study used a systematic sample, with questionnaires distributed to adult respondents using a street intercept. Interviewers asked every other passer-by to fill out a questionnaire, and stood in close proximity to address any questions from respondents. The study hypothesized that there is a significant difference between country macro and micro image, respectively for the USA, China and Malaysia, and that there is significant relationship between country macro image and country micro image in each country, respectively, USA, China and Malaysia. Findings – The study found support for the reliability of existing country micro and macro image measures, and further refined them for increased validity. The study compared between the countries and found significant differences on both macro and micro dimensions of country image. The US scored highest on technological research, high quality products, standards of living, labor costs, welfare system, industrialization, civilian government, development, literacy, free-market system and democracy, followed by China on technological research, industrialization, development and free-market system, with Malaysia scoring higher on product quality, labor costs, welfare system, civilian government is civilian/non-military, literacy, free-market system and democracy. Research limitations/implications – A broader study of countries that share geopolitical and cultural similarities might offer additional insights into country macro and micro image. Practical implications – The study cautions marketers to assess the acceptance of their products in the context of their country's macro and micro image perceptions in target markets, and steer those perceptions in a manner that would be beneficial to their marketing efforts. Originality/value – The conceptualization of the macro and micro aspects of country image has been one of the less studied dimensions of country image. This study is the first to address these dimensions from an emerging-market perspective, suggesting that, at the macro level, country perceptions regarding technology, economy, and politics contribute to an overall impression of the country, which would then influence the desirability of its products originating there. For the micro country image, products from countries perceived as innovative, excelling in product design, and producing prestigious products, are likely to be perceived as desirable.

Much research has been devoted to examination of the financial easing policy of the European Central Bank (ECB). However, this study is one of the first to use a dynamic micro-founded model to investigate empirically the impact of the ECB's Quantitative Easing (QE) policy on consumption and investment by economic agents in Italy (households, government, firms, and the rest of the world). For this purpose, we constructed a Financial Social Accounting Matrix (FSAM) for the Italian economy for the year 2009 to calibrate a dynamic computable general equilibrium model (DCGE). This model allowed us to evaluate the direct and indirect impact of money flow on the behavior of consumption and investment. The findings of the study confirmed the positive impact of the ECB's monetary policy on the level of investment and consumption.

Acknowledgments The authors thank John Norrie for advice regarding the reporting of the study, and clinical staff in the Department of General Surgery, Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, for helping with the conduct of the study. This work was supported by a Grant from the Chief Scientist Office (CSO) of the Scottish Government Health Directorates (Grant Number reference CZG/2/498). Jonathan A. Cook held a Medical Research Council, UK, training fellowship (G0601938) while this research was undertaken. The Health Services Research Unit is funded by the CSO of the Scottish Government Health Directorates. The views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and may not necessarily be shared by the funding bodies. The study was overseen by an Advisory Group comprising Professor Marion Campbell (Director, Health Services Research Unit, Aberdeen), Professor John Norrie (CHaRT Director) and Professor Craig Ramsay (Health Care Assessment Programme Director, Health Services Research Unit, Aberdeen). Professor W. Alastair Chambers was the independent chair of the Trial Steering Committee. Contributing surgeons to the SCARLESS study (in alphabetical order): Bassam Alkari, Emad Aly, Norman Binnie, Duff Bruce, Jan Jansen, Peter King, Tim MacAdam, Aileen McKinley, Terry O'Kelly, Ken Park, Abdul Qadir. The National Health Service provided support through the contribution of the following research nurses: Anu Joyson, Hazel Forbes, and Julie Shotton. ; Peer reviewed ; Publisher PDF

Moira Cruickshank and Rumana Newlands are joint-first authors. Funding Information: Funding This work was supported by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Health Technology Assessment (HTA) Programme grant (14/192/71). The work was also supported by an NHS Grampian Endowment grant (16/11/006). KG held a Medical Research Council UK Methodology Fellowship during the delivery of this project (MR/L01193X/1). The Health Services Research Unit, Institute of Applied Health Sciences (University of Aberdeen), is core funded by the chief scientist office of the Scottish Government Health and Social Care Directorates. Disclaimer The funders had no involvement in study design, collection, analysis and interpretation of data, reporting or the decision to publish. ; Peer reviewed ; Publisher PDF