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The progressive development of the Digital Age has given rise to a growing number of concepts related to individuals' experiences with their digital literacy, from the level of competence or lack thereof conceptualized in the digital divide, to the very concept of digital citizenship, essential today for participation in democratic societies. This article analyses the different interpretations made of these concepts with a view to clarifying their appropriate use according to the situations to be studied, understood as an intellectualized evolution of the realities and experiences lived by individuals and society. Since the beginning of the millennium, several national and regional digital inclusion projects began, encouraged by the European policies that aimed to alleviate the already existing digital gap. In this sense, the KZgunea program, the Basque government's digital inclusion project is analyzed as a paradigmatic case of the evolution of government programs and policies in favour of an adequate level of digital literacy that allows individuals to fully participate in all fields of today's increasingly digitized society. This report is part of a PhD thesis that analyzes digital literacy as an instrument of empowerment and social inclusion, to improve employability, and as a key to the construction of digital citizenship in the 21st century. Keywords: digital citizenship; digital literacy; digital divide; digital competence; digital inclusion programs.

This book addresses the links between climate change and the threats it poses to sustainable development, from a distance education perspective. Discussing current trends and challenges in sustainable development education, climate literacy and innovations in climate change education, it contributes to the global debate on the implementation of education for sustainability. It also assesses the role that e-learning can play in this process, addressing pedagogical concepts as well as the wide range of technological options now available

The EDEN Eleventh Research Workshop – 21-23 October 2020 in collaboration with Universidade Aberta, LE@D, UAb, Portugal. ; Since the emergence of the new information and communication technologies, a new social gap has appeared, between those who know how to use the new technologies and those who don't: the digital divide. As a way to overcome this gap, international organizations have made a series of recommendations for governments to create digital inclusion programs to empower the population in need of technological knowledge. Since the end of the last century, governments (local, regional, national) have begun to create these programmes, with greater or lesser success, whose initial objective of technological training has evolved to the development of skills that allow the individual to fully develop his/her digital citizenship. This PhD dissertation started with this research question: What is the effect of digital inclusion programmes on the level of digital literacy of individuals and on greater participation community? It seeks to analyse the influence of Digital Literacy as a mechanism to reduce social exclusion and enhance individual and community development, as well as to create a theoretical model for analysing the influence of Digital Literacy on the individual and the community. The main theoretical pillars on which the study is based are in the field of Digital Literacy and Informational, the digital divide, digital citizenship and digital inclusion in different areas of education systems (formal, non-formal, informal). The empirical study consists in the analysis of two cases, the Internet Access Spaces in Alentejo (Portugal) and the KZgunea in the Basque Country (Spain), in three dimensions: Public Policies and Digital Inclusion Programmes (Access) through Documentation Analysis; Monitors and facilitators of the centres (Usage), with the carrying out of personal interviews; Users of the centres with questionnaires carried out in person and online. We are currently finishing the analysis of the interviews and the writing of the theoretical chapters. We are also evaluating the close of application of the questionnaires due to COVID19. We have the intellect to deposit the dissertation in 2021. ; info:eu-repo/semantics/draft

Since the emergence of the new information and communication technologies, a new social gap has appeared, between those who know how to use the new technologies and those who don't: the digital divide. As a way to overcome this gap, international organizations have made a series of recommendations for governments to create digital inclusion programs to empower the population in need of technological knowledge. Since the end of the last century, governments (local, regional, national) have begun to create these programmes, with greater or lesser success, whose initial objective of technological training has evolved to the development of skills that allow the individual to fully develop his/her digital citizenship. This PhD dissertation started with this research question: What is the effect of digital inclusion programmes on the level of digital literacy of individuals and on greater participation community? It seeks to analyse the influence of Digital Literacy as a mechanism to reduce social exclusion and enhance individual and community development, as well as to create a theoretical model for analysing the influence of Digital Literacy on the individual and the community. The main theoretical pillars on which the study is based are in the field of Digital Literacy and Informational, the digital divide, digital citizenship and digital inclusion in different areas of education systems (formal, non-formal, informal). The empirical study consists in the analysis of two cases, the Internet Access Spaces in Alentejo (Portugal) and the KZgunea in the Basque Country (Spain), in three dimensions: Public Policies and Digital Inclusion Programmes (Access) through Documentation Analysis; Monitors and facilitators of the centres (Usage), with the carrying out of personal interviews; Users of the centres with questionnaires carried out in person and online. We are currently finishing the analysis of the interviews and the writing of the theoretical chapters. We are also evaluating the close of application of the questionnaires due to COVID19. We have the intellect to deposit the dissertation in 2021. ; info:eu-repo/semantics/draft

The progressive development of the Digital Age has given rise to a growing number of concepts related to individuals' experiences with their digital literacy, from the level of competence or lack thereof conceptualized in the digital divide, to the very concept of digital citizenship, essential today for participation in democratic societies. This article analyses the different interpretations made of these concepts with a view to clarifying their appropriate use according to the situations to be studied, understood as an intellectualized evolution of the realities and experiences lived by individuals and society. Since the beginning of the millennium, several national and regional digital inclusion projects began, encouraged by the European policies that aimed to alleviate the already existing digital gap. In this sense, the KZgunea program, the Basque government's digital inclusion project is analyzed as a paradigmatic case of the evolution of government programs and policies in favour of an adequate level of digital literacy that allows individuals to fully participate in all fields of today's increasingly digitized society. This report is part of a PhD thesis that analyzes digital literacy as an instrument of empowerment and social inclusion, to improve employability, and as a key to the construction of digital citizenship in the 21st century. ; O desenvolvimento progressivo da Era Digital tem dado origem a um número crescente de conceitos relacionados com as experiências dos indivíduos e com a sua literacia digital, desde o nível de competências digitais ou a ausência destas, até ao próprio conceito de cidadania digital, hoje essencial para a participação nas sociedades democráticas. Este artigo analisa diferentes interpretações sobre estes conceitos, com vista a esclarecer o seu uso apropriado de acordo com as situações a estudar, entendidas como uma evolução intelectualizada das realidades e experiências vividas pelos indivíduos e pela sociedade. Desde o início do milénio iniciaram-se vários projetos de inclusão digital, nacionais e regionais, incentivados pelas políticas europeias que visavam reduzir o fosso digital já existente. Neste sentido, o programa KZgunea, o projeto de inclusão digital do governo basco, é analisado como um caso paradigmático da evolução dos programas e políticas governamentais orientados para a promoção da literacia digital que permite aos cidadãos participar plenamente em todos os campos de uma sociedade cada vez mais digitalizada. Este artigo incorpora uma parte da investigação em curso no âmbito de uma tese de doutoramento que analisa a alfabetização digital enquanto instrumento de empowerment e inclusão social e pretende, em última instância, contribuir para melhorar a empregabilidade, uma chave para a construção da cidadania digital no século XXI. ; info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

Purpose of Study: To perform a review on internet interventions for adolescents focusing physical activity and dietary behavior and to understand the effect of schools and teachers involvement in the outcomes. Background: Although the well known benefits of a healthy lifestyle (high physical activity levels and a healthy eating pattern), the adolescents of most industrialized countries fail to meet dietary and physical activity guidelines. Most governments are trying to find effective interventions that may focus in a wide range of individuals, rather than face to face (school based) interventions. The internet has been used recently in a lot of health interventions, its advantages have been mentioned broadly, especially when targeting children and adolescents. Recent reviews on similar topics are not coherent on their conclusions, some are in favour of the computer based interventions, others mention that there is no clear effectiveness of eHealth interventions. However no studies exclusively on adolescents were found. It seems relevant to perform an updated review, focusing studies with adolescents. Methods: Articles were identified for inclusion using key word database literature searches. An initial search using electronic databases: Medline, ISI Web of Knowledge, Elsevier and Ebsco was performed, using as key terms: Internet Intervention; Web based intervention or online intervention. The search was completed using the Boolean term "and" with expressions: nutrition; diet; physical activity; exercise or motor activity. The full text review was done according to a matrix developed in a Microsoft windows excel database. It was calculated a quality score, based in nine methodological items. Conclusions and discussion: Most of the papers reviewed had modest results in favour of the intervention group, but failed to show long term effects, when evaluated. Less than 50% of the studies involved teachers, schools, parents or group leaders, and no relation was found between this involvement and the outcomes. This review shows that besides the importance of interventions for adolescents, few studies are published. The improvement in diet and physical activity outcomes seem modest and not long term, either with the involvement of schools or not. Schools should evaluate and improve the health education programmes. The authors suggest that more interventions should be planned including innovative methodologies, as so much is still to be known in how to improve health behaviours in adolescents.

Purpose of Study: To perform a review on internet interventions for adolescents focusing physical activity and dietary behavior and to understand the effect of schools and teachers involvement in the outcomes. Background: Although the well known benefits of a healthy lifestyle (high physical activity levels and a healthy eating pattern), the adolescents of most industrialized countries fail to meet dietary and physical activity guidelines. Most governments are trying to find effective interventions that may focus in a wide range of individuals, rather than face to face (school based) interventions. The internet has been used recently in a lot of health interventions, its advantages have been mentioned broadly, especially when targeting children and adolescents. Recent reviews on similar topics are not coherent on their conclusions, some are in favour of the computer based interventions, others mention that there is no clear effectiveness of eHealth interventions. However no studies exclusively on adolescents were found. It seems relevant to perform an updated review, focusing studies with adolescents. Methods: Articles were identified for inclusion using key word database literature searches. An initial search using electronic databases: Medline, ISI Web of Knowledge, Elsevier and Ebsco was performed, using as key terms: Internet Intervention; Web based intervention or online intervention. The search was completed using the Boolean term "and" with expressions: nutrition; diet; physical activity; exercise or motor activity. The full text review was done according to a matrix developed in a Microsoft windows excel database. It was calculated a quality score, based in nine methodological items. Conclusions and discussion: Most of the papers reviewed had modest results in favour of the intervention group, but failed to show long term effects, when evaluated. Less than 50% of the studies involved teachers, schools, parents or group leaders, and no relation was found between this involvement and the outcomes. This review shows that besides the importance of interventions for adolescents, few studies are published. The improvement in diet and physical activity outcomes seem modest and not long term, either with the involvement of schools or not. Schools should evaluate and improve the health education programmes. The authors suggest that more interventions should be planned including innovative methodologies, as so much is still to be known in how to improve health behaviours in adolescents.