Suchergebnisse

Acknowledgements This research was made possible due to the infrastructure and funding provided by the Scottish Genomes Partnership, for which we are grateful. We thank the members of the Scottish Genomes Partnership Ethics Advisory Group (in particular the Chair Dr Anne Lampe) for their suggestions for improvement and constructive criticisms of the project. The University of Edinburgh Academic and Clinical Central Office for Research and Development (ACCORD) also provided helpful advice. VIKING DNA extractions and array genotyping were performed at the Edinburgh Clinical Research Facility, University of Edinburgh and were funded by the Medical Research Council UK quinquennial programme grant to the MRC Human Genetics Unit. Emily Weiss and Reka Nagy assembled the Shetland pedigree using records kept at the General Register Ofce and study information, building on earlier pedigree work in the Northern Isles. Nicola Pirastu selected the most appropriate participants for WGS using the ANCHAP software. Whole Genome Sequencing was carried out at Edinburgh Genomics, The University of Edinburgh. We thank Susan Campbell and technical services at MRC HGU for the Sanger sequencing. We thank Archie Campbell and Rachel Edwards for transfer of ECG data into an SQL database and for expert support with extraction of EHR data. Te linkage to data in the EHR provided by patients and collected by the NHS as part of their care and support was facilitated by Dionysis Vragkos, eData Research and Innovation Service (eDRIS). We would like to acknowledge the invaluable contributions of the research nurses in Shetland and the administrative team in Edinburgh. Finally and most importantly, we thank the people of Shetland for their involvement in and ongoing support for our research. This work was funded by the MRC University Unit award to the MRC Human Genetics Unit, University of Edinburgh, MC_UU_00007/10. Whole genome sequencing was funded by the Chief Scientist Office of the Scottish Government Health Directorates (grant reference ...

Indian Asians, who make up a quarter of the world's population, are at high risk of developing type 2 diabetes. We investigated whether DNA methylation is associated with future type 2 diabetes incidence in Indian Asians and whether differences in methylation patterns between Indian Asians and Europeans are associated with, and could be used to predict, differences in the magnitude of risk of developing type 2 diabetes.We did a nested case-control study of DNA methylation in Indian Asians and Europeans with incident type 2 diabetes who were identified from the 8-year follow-up of 25 372 participants in the London Life Sciences Prospective Population (LOLIPOP) study. Patients were recruited between May 1, 2002, and Sept 12, 2008. We did epigenome-wide association analysis using samples from Indian Asians with incident type 2 diabetes and age-matched and sex-matched Indian Asian controls, followed by replication testing of top-ranking signals in Europeans. For both discovery and replication, DNA methylation was measured in the baseline blood sample, which wascollected before the onset of type 2 diabetes. Epigenome-wide significance was set at p<1 × 10(-7). We compared methylation levels between Indian Asian and European controls without type 2 diabetes at baseline to estimate the potential contribution of DNA methylation to increased risk of future type 2 diabetes incidence among Indian Asians.1608 (11·9%) of 13 535 Indian Asians and 306 (4·3%) of 7066 Europeans developed type 2 diabetes over a mean of 8·5 years (SD 1·8) of follow-up. The age-adjusted and sex-adjusted incidence of type 2 diabetes was 3·1 times (95% CI 2·8-3·6; p<0·0001) higher among Indian Asians than among Europeans, and remained 2·5 times (2·1-2·9; p<0·0001) higher after adjustment for adiposity, physical activity, family history of type 2 diabetes, and baseline glycaemic measures. The mean absolute difference in methylation level between type 2 diabetes cases and controls ranged from 0·5% (SD 0·1) to 1·1% (0·2). Methylation markers at five loci were associated with future type 2 diabetes incidence; the relative risk per 1% increase in methylation was 1·09 (95% CI 1·07-1·11; p=1·3 × 10(-17)) for ABCG1, 0·94 (0·92-0·95; p=4·2 × 10(-11)) for PHOSPHO1, 0·94 (0·92-0·96; p=1·4 × 10(-9)) for SOCS3, 1·07 (1·04-1·09; p=2·1 × 10(-10)) for SREBF1, and 0·92 (0·90-0·94; p=1·2 × 10(-17)) for TXNIP. A methylation score combining results for the five loci was associated with future type 2 diabetes incidence (relative risk quartile 4 vs quartile 1 3·51, 95% CI 2·79-4·42; p=1·3 × 10(-26)), and was independent of established risk factors. Methylation score was higher among Indian Asians than Europeans (p=1 × 10(-34)).DNA methylation might provide new insights into the pathways underlying type 2 diabetes and offer new opportunities for risk stratification and prevention of type 2 diabetes among Indian Asians.The European Union, the UK National Institute for Health Research, the Wellcome Trust, the UK Medical Research Council, Action on Hearing Loss, the UK Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council, the Oak Foundation, the Economic and Social Research Council, Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen, the German Research Center for Environmental Health, the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research, the German Center for Diabetes Research, the Munich Center for Health Sciences, the Ministry of Science and Research of the State of North Rhine-Westphalia, and the German Federal Ministry of Health.