Suchergebnisse

The successful application of New Public Management (NPM) at some developed countries has cleared path for perpetual promotion of NPM doctrines into developing countries. Privatization is a doctrine in which the service delivered by the government shall be shifted to the hands of private agents. De-bureaucratization is considered as superior because it promises performance improvement if compared to classical public administration. The government of Indonesia starts to acquaint with Reinventing Government since the end of 1990s. The most obvious implementation is the application of decentralist governmental system based on Law No. 22 of 1999 about Local Government which is then amended into Law No. 32 of 2004. New Public Management (NPM) is an important concept and also a significant issue in the public sector reformation. This concept concerns with the problems found in the management of performance at public sector because performance measurement is one of main principles of NPM. The movement of NPM starts from developed countries in European and it has gone far into a global movement such that many developing countries are inspired by the global distribution of this concept. Research attempts to describe New Public Management (NPM), New Public Service (NPS), and Governance in public administration. What will happen with other paradigms after the emergence of New Public Management is also explained. The application of New Public Management and problems behind this application are elucidated. Few illustrations are also given about the difference between Old Public Administration, New Public Management, and New Public Service. The objective of this research is to explain the development and application of New Public Management in public administration / governmental organizations in order to create good governance in decentralization area or wide local autonomy.

Makalah ini berupaya mengkontekstualisasikan fenomena terorisme Involuntary Celibacy (Incel) atau selibasi tak sukarela dalam evolusi aksi terorisme. Pertanyaan yang akan dijawab oleh makalah ini adalah "apakah fenomena Incel merupakan salah satu keberlanjutan dari ideologi ekstremis yang termasuk ke dalam 4th Wave of Terrorism menurut Rapoport atau merupakan suatu bentuk ideologi ekstremis jenis baru? Untuk membahasnya makalah ini menggunakan kerangka analisis Four Wave of Terrorism dari David C. Rapoport. Makalah ini mengisyaratkan bahwa fenomena Incel merupakan fenomena mutakhir karena, secara ideologis fenomena ini memuat ideologi yang berbeda dari empat gelombang terorisme sebelumnya (anarkisme, anti-kolonial, kiri, dan religius). Incel juga merupakan satu-satunya ideologi teror yang tidak memiliki tujuan untuk menjatuhkan sebuah entitas besar seperti agama dan negara sejauh ini.Kata-kata Kunci: Involuntary Celibacy, Terorisme, Wave of Terrorism.This paper attempts to contextualize the Involuntary Celibacy or Incel phenomenon on a larger terrorism phenomenon. This paper seeks to answer "Whether Incel Phenomenon is a novel form of terrorism?" To answer the above-mentioned question, this paper utilizes David C. Rapoport Wave of Terrorism concept. This paper finds that Incel Phenomenon is a novel phenomenon because, ideologically, it bears no resemblance with the older wave of terrorism –anarchist, anti-colonial, left, and religious – and moreover, this paper also finds that Incel Phenomenon is the only form of terrorism which does not antagonize the state entity.Keywords: Involuntary Celibacy, Terrorism, Wave of Terrorism.

PurposeThis study aims to explore the role of liberalization, business group affiliation and degree of internationalization (DOI) on the performance of Indian international new ventures (INVs).Design/methodology/approachThe study identifies Indian INVs incorporated between 1991 and 2010 against the backdrop of liberalization. To test various hypotheses, a random effects panel regression analysis was conducted for publicly listed Indian INVs.FindingsThe results highlight that business group affiliation and DOI are positively related to INV performance. Further, liberalization negatively moderates the relationship between group affiliation and INV performance. The authors' findings indicate that as institutions improve, the positive effect of business group affiliation on firm performance decreases in emerging markets.Research limitations/implicationsThis paper highlights the benefits accruing to business group affiliated INVs and the moderating role of liberalization on firm performance. Future studies may augment the authors' understanding of INV performance by testing heterogeneity within business groups and their impact on INV performance across other emerging economies.Practical implicationsAs institutional reforms strengthen over time, the positive effect of group affiliation on INV performance declines. Hence, managers of group affiliates need to adapt to the changing institutions faster and develop their fit with the institutional environment earlier than standalone firms, to mitigate their profitability issues.Originality/valueTo the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first paper to discuss the role of business group affiliation and the moderating role of liberalization on INV performance with theoretical and managerial implications.

This study investigates how a sample of Kuwaiti citizens engaged in interpersonal communication and used traditional and new media during the December 2012 parliamentary election in Kuwait. Hypotheses were developed based on an analysis of macro-level politico-economic and sociocultural factors that affect communication flows in the country and using a two-step flow of information framework. Consistent with predictions, respondents spent more time in interpersonal political discussions than using traditional media. Time spent in face-to-face conversations and on social media to obtain and exchange political information was equal, indicating that social media is an important channel of communication in the region. Newspaper and Internet ads were perceived as the most credible forms of advertising. Opinion leadership positively predicted news and advertising exposure, and perceived credibility mediated these effects.

Pakistan's exports evolve broadly in line with total world
imports. Accordingly, Pakistan's share in world imports was remarkably
stable during the last 20 years, ranging between a minimum of 0.12
percent in 1980 and a maximum of 0.18 percent in 1992. In 1999-2000, the
share was 0.15 percent. This would suggest that Pakistan's export
performance was not worse than that of the world on average. Compared to
regional competitors, however, the performance was unimpressive,
especially when compared to China and Thailand throughout the 1980s and
1990s or compared to Bangladesh, India, and Sri Lanka during the 1990s.
All these countries succeeded in achieving sustainable market share
increases in total world imports (Figure 1). In light of the growing
awareness about the importance of exports in the overall economy of
Pakistan and in view of the unimpressive export performance of Pakistan
vis-à-vis other countries in the region it would be interesting to study
the export performance of Pakistan and analyse the possible reasons for
this poor performance and see whether it is due to demand deficiency or
is it something to do with the supply side of the issue.

Recent estimates show that after falling in the 1980s, poverty
has made a comeback in Pakistan during the 1990s. The Government of
Pakistan (GOP) estimate show an increase in caloric poverty headcount
from 17 percent in 1987-88 to 33 percent in 1998-99 and also rising
income inequality during the 1990s.1 In contrast preliminary estimates
by the World Bank show that poverty may not have risen as rapidly during
the 1990s and may even have stagnated.2 Slow down in economic growth,
rising open unemployment, rising food and non-food prices, reduction in
the fiscal space for pro-poor public programmes, poor governance
hampering delivery of social services to the poor; are factors that have
been attributed to the growing poverty and vulnerability of households
in recent years.

In the present paper we have tried to examine Pakistan's
experience with exports and growth by constructing several measures of
diversification and structural change in Pakistan's exports from a
dis-aggregated data over a period of 27 years (1972-73 to 1997-98). Then
using these measures we have tested a number of relationships among the
structure of exports, export growth, aggregate growth, and world growth.
By looking at the evolution and structural change of exports by sectors
over the long run, we find a number of interesting results. First, the
degree of export diversification increased sharply from 1979 and
continued till 1985. After 1985, and with the return of the democracy in
the country. There was a marked reduction in the export diversification
and it went back to pre-1979 level. Secondly, a crude association of
'traditionality' with primary products and 'non-traditionality' with
manufactured exports fails to represent Pakistan's experience. As
Pakistan emerged from an import substitution period into a period of
structural change and free trade, its true comparative advantage was
more visibly expressed, thus some manufactured exports declined while
some primary products grew. Third, the shortrun dynamics of
diversification and structural change show a marked pattern. Most change
in the composition of exports has taken place during periods of boom in
the domestic economy but when the world economy was experiencing a
relatively recessionary period.

Pakistan's manufacturing sector is characterised by relatively
high capital intensity and the level of absorption of labour in industry
is low. This paper estimates the elasticities of substitution in
Pakistan's large-scale manufacturing sector to detennine the potential
for switching to relatively more labour-intensive production techniques.
Data for the years 1960 to 1986 have been used and a total of seventeen
industry groups have been analysed. This involved the aggregation of
data from the Census of Manufacturing Industries (CM!). Industry groups
were aggregated while keeping in mind the structural and economic
similarities within the groups. The functional fonn used for the
estimation is the CES production function and direct estimation
procedures have been used. Industries in Pakistan are generally
considered to be characterised by low substitution between capital and
labour, near-constant returns to scale, high capital intensity, and low
exogenous technical change. The results of this study bear this out with
a few exceptions and the policy implications are interesting. The level
of capital intensity in the manufacturing sector is not commensurate
with the relative factor endowments, and there is a need to redirect the
industries towards greater use of labour-intensive technology. In the
short tenn, there appears to be little scope for altering the
capital-labour ratios in the manufacturing sector. In the long run,
however, measures aimed at the gradual replacement of capital with
labour in production techniques may come to fruition.

COVID-19 pandemic has surprised many organizations, this condition has an impact on changing the work culture of organizations. The role of information technology has proven to be the chosen solution for maintaining organizational performance. The main objective of this study is to explore the challenges and opportunities for e-leadership. The main focus of the study is directed at educational organizations and small and medium enterprises in Indonesia. A qualitative approach is used to interview informants scattered in several regions in Indonesia by information technology mediation. An important finding in this paper is that many organizations are not ready to face this condition so that the role of e-leadership is very effective for organizations to maintain the organizations performance and leaders can change their leadership style through social learning and overcome the challenges they must face to become e-leader. In addition, we also find that female leaders tend to be superior to men as e-leader, especially in terms of information technology skills and the use of social media. This paper concludes that e-leadership can be created by leaders who can overcome challenges and seize opportunities to build competitive advantage strategies.

ABSTRAK Sektor pariwisata merupakan salah satu industri yang secara signifikan mampu mempercepat pertumbuhan ekonomi suatu daerah dan mampu menyediakan banyak lapangan pekerjaan, mampu meningkatkan penghasilan masyarakat serta menstimulasi berbagai sektor lainnya. Tujuan utama dari kegiatan pengabdian diuraikan sebagai solusi pemecahan masalah. Fokus pengabdian masyarakat ini adalah pada pendampingan masyarakat di sektor pariwisata yang berdomisili dikampung nelayan Hamadi Kota Jayapura dan komunitas masyarakat pariwisata Kota Jayapura. Metode pelaksanaan kegiatan ini adalah berupa ceramah, tanya jawab dan demonstrasi, kemudian kegiatan ini melibatkan berbagai narasumber baik dari Kementerian, Pemerintah Daerah Provinsi Papua, Universitas Yapis Papua serta Tokoh Masyarakat serta masyarakat yang terlibat. Hasil dari kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat adalah masyarakat Kampung Nelayan Hamadi semakin menyadari bahwa penting melakukan pengembangan potensi dan melakukan pengembangan strategi pengembangan kampung. Kata kunci: Pendampingan, kampung nelayan. ABSTRACT The tourism sector is one of the industries that can significantly accelerate the economic growth of an area and able to provide many jobs. It can increase people's income and stimulate various other sectors. The main purpose of community service activities is described as a solution to problem solving. The focus of this community service is on assisting people in the tourism sector who live in the fishing village of Hamadi, Jayapura City and the tourism community in Jayapura City. The method of implementing this activity is in the form of lectures, questions and answers and demonstrations, then this activity involves various sources from the Ministry, the Provincial Government of Papua, Yapis Papua University as well as community leaders and the community involved. The result of community service activities is that the people of Hamadi Fishermen Village are increasingly aware that it is important to develop their potential and develop a village development strategy. Keywords: Assistance, Fisherman Village.