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Larry Diamond's article 'Constitutional design of a third Nigerian republic' (African Affairs, April 1987), is a significant contribution to the ongoing debates on a future democratic experiment in Nigeria. Comments on Diamond's article and presents an overview of the political history of Nigeria with a view to justifying the need for a system of 'zoning'.

This booklet is an important indictment of Nigerian political systems during the colonial period and since independence in 1960 for their woeful neglect to address the historical and ethnological realities of the country, thereby engendering, instead of preventing, the division of the country into hostile political blocs and conspiratorial tribal alliances. To overcome these serious impediments to national unity and political stability Anthony Akinola argues for a new form of presidential leadership in the context of multi-party politics

Statistics currently indicated that the second wave of COVID 19 pandemic has killed over 2.94 million, and active cases 136.13 million globally as on April 12, 2021 reported by John Hopkins University and world health organization (WHO). India reported a first time record high ever of 13,689,453 COVID-19 infections, and 171,058 deaths from the ministry of health and WHO revealed on April 12, 2021. As India (13,873,825 confirmed cases and 172,085 deaths) (April, 14 2021) over takes Brazil, in the rising cases of Infection of COVID-19 as the second worst hit country in the world. It becomes the second-most affected country globally by the coronavirus after the United States (30, 888,765). Whereas the second wave is deadlier than the first wave according to the DG council of scientific and industrial research, Dr. Shekhar Mande.Preventable solutions are all but not limited to identify reasons for the spike and implement measures immediately. Some of which are uncontrolled gathering, floating of electoral commission (EC) guidelines on COVID-19 prevention during the election campaign political rallies. Some religious gatherings not adhering to the government protocol on COVID 19 prevention practices during this period (April 2021). Initially testing was limited to the high risk groups but has been expanded to cover several populations with the governments intervention. Further is to improve contact tracing, instead of negligence across the states. Drive for testing measures and rapid vaccination drive should continue as identified that authorities concerned are not testing enough. Lastly never ignore any warning signs or strange body feelings you might encounter. Act immediately, implement all preventive measures and seek medical help at once.

This study investigated the influence of perceived leadership styles on educational services and knowledge expansion in a competitive educational environment: evidence from selected private universities in Nigeria. The study was a survey which employed Ex-Post Factor design. A total of 230 respondents was selected for the study and these responses comprised both employees and students of selected institution in Nigeria in which (46%) were male while (54%) were female. Questionnaire format was employed for data collection and it was made up of three (3) sections namely: Section A (Socio Demographic measure scale), Section B (Perceived Leadership Styles Scale), while Section C measured (educational services and knowledge expansion Scale). The collected data were subjected to computerized data analysis, using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21.0 was used. The findings revealed that transformational leadership style was significantly and negatively related to educational services and knowledge expansion [r= -.74**, P

The study assessed the traditional uses of birds and their impact on farming activities in Akoko North East Local Government Area of Ondo State. The data were collected by the use of a structured questionnaire administered to respondents in seven (7) selected out of thirteen (13) ward in the study area questionnaires were administered to twenty (20) respondents from each ward to make total of a hundred and forty (140) questionnaires. The result shows that 23 bird species were sighted during the periods of observation which lasted between December 2016 and June 2017. In the study area, bird species serve different functions which include time indicator (fire bellied woodpecker), source of protein (Kingfisher, Ostrich, Bush fowl), and they were also used to generate income (bush fowl and peacock). Birds also indicate events and seasons e.g. when vultures fly in the mass, it indicates that an important dignitary will die. They also feature in traditional festival such as masquerades and Gudugbe. Some bird species destroy farm products, these include Bush fowl, Village Weaver and Red Eyed Turtle Dove. Stages of attack on plant species cut across all stages from sowing stage to storage stage. In order to reduce the level of destruction, it is hereby recommended that should adopt the scarecrow method in controlling bird species that destroy farm products.

The study was based mainly on the socio-ecological assessment of bird species in Akinyele Local Government with reference to five villages. The study examined the location and the assessment of the bird species and the problem encountered in the area of damage done by the birds on agricultural produce. The villages chosen include Moniya, Onidundun. Akinyele, Ijaye and Isdigba. A total of 100 questionnaires were administered of which 20 questionnaires were distributed to each village, 88 were retrieved and analyzed using Descriptive statistical tools such as frequency court and simple percentages. Lists of some bird species within the study area include Vulture, Owl, Cattle Eaglet, Hawk, Pigeon, and Parrot among others. The study revealed that some birds are regarded as sacred, while some like vultures are forbidden to be consumed by anyone. Some birds are regarded as pests because of damages they cause to farm produce; these include maize, paper, cassava, cocoyam and yam. It is known that the stage of damage is the germination and growing stages. The economic benefits of some birds are; some bird's serves as time indicator, some are used for medicinal purpose, some serve as source of protein and some serves as sources of income. Also, some are predators to agricultural pest like grasshoppers. Recommendations were made that the government should make law against the illegal hunting of birds and enlighten farmers on how to protect their farms against bird attack. Research should be done to investigate the medicinal values of birds.

This paper analyzes the effect of trade union activities on labour productivity in Nigeria and challenges to union activities by using both quantitative and qualitative data on more than 400 respondents from labour union and government agencies. The Unions' effects on productivity are negative their magnitude being larger than those on productivity encouragement trade union give to government agencies to motivate workers. Enforcement of manpower training and development is a strategy of trade unions to improve productivity of labour while the demand for welfare condition is a strategy of trade unions in achieving labour productivity. Challenges including political interference, lack of finance, and inadequate human resources limit potentials of trade unions to achieve its objectives. In order to improve productivity, improved communication and understanding between trade union and government are crucial to improving labours' productivity.