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The classical Muslim scholarly tradition produced an assortment of literature on different religions including a considerable number of descriptive studies, a phenomenon that leaves imposing questions. Most importantly, how a pre-modern civilization was able to generate a tradition of descriptive scholarship on different religions in the absence of conditions such as the western modernity that supposedly factored the emergence of the modern academic study of religion needs to be explored. The current paper ventures to answer this question. It argues that certain features of the Qur'ānic worldview, such as the repeated invitation to observe the signs of God in time and space through travel in the land/across the world and to ponder upon the history of various nations coupled with the exhortation to use reason generated curiosity about different civilizations of the world as well as their religious heritage. Moreover, the Qur'ānic view of the universality of the religious phenomenon as a divine plan also encouraged a sober disposition towards religious others in cases under discussion. On the other hand, the meticulous historiographical techniques and methods for the interpretation of texts developed by Muslim historians, theologians, and jurists afforded the needed methodological apparatus for the said undertaking. The current paper further concludes that the same epistemology and methodological foundations can be appropriated according to/keeping in view the needs of the time to promote a credible study of religion/s in contemporary Muslim societies

Objective: To determine the frequency of hypomagnesemia in cases of type-II diabetes mellitus. Material and methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at Department of Medicine Combined Military Hospital, Lahore from to January 2018 to June 2018 over the period of 6 months. Total 350 type-II diabetics, having age range 30-60 years, either male or female with duration of diabetes ≥ 3 years were selected. Hypomagnesemia was assessed in selected. Results: Total 350 type-II diabetics were selected and hypomagnesemia was asseseed. Mean age of the patients 45.34 ± 8.55 years with age range from 30-60 years and mean duration of diabetes was 6.54 ± 2.43 years. Out of 350 type-II diabetics, hypomagnesemia was found in 122 (35%) patients. Total 169 (48.29%) patients belonged to age group 30-45 years and 181 (51.71%) patients belonged to age group 46-60 years. Hypomagnesemia was found in 60 (35.50%) patients and 62 (34.25%) patients respectively in age group 30-45 years and age group 46-60 years. Statistically insignificant association of hypomagnesemia with age group was detected with p value 0.8232. Male diabetics were 197 (56.29%) and female diabetics were 153 (43.71%) and hypomagnesemia was noted in 72 (36.55%) male patients and in 50 (32.68%) female patients. Association of hypomagnesemia with gender was statistically insignificant with p value 0.4980 Conclusion: Results of present showed a higher percentage of hypomagnesemia in cases of type-II diabetes mellitus. A higher proportion of male gender was reported as compered to female gender and there is no association of hypomagnesemia with gender. Duration of diabetes, age and obesity were insignificantly associated with hypomagnesemia. Key words: Diabetes mellitus, endocrine, magnesium, enzyme activator