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North and South by Elizabeth Gaskell, categorized as an industrial novel of the Victorian Age, reflects social conditions of the period like social injustices, class division, employer – employee relations and labor – capital issues depending upon the developments of the Industrial Revolution. While dealing with the issues of the period by using several opposites in content like 'north and south', 'employer and employee', 'power and poverty', the novel uses 'marriage' as an apparent theme in the narrative. What is more, mutual understanding and reconciliation between the sides, employers and employees, and apparently between the protagonists, Margaret Hale coming from the rural area and Mr. Thornton, the mill owner, are at the forefront as a theme in the novel. The novel uses 'the hands' metaphor between the employers and the working class representing reconciliation which is also a mark of Christianity. Moreover, this Christian virtue has overtones of Unitarianism in the process of negotiation, and the attitudes and thoughts of some characters.

Noureddine Zaza fait partie de la première génération d'intellectuels exilés du Kurdistan, divisé en quatre parties par le traité de Lausanne (1923) après la première guerre mondiale. Sa vie en exil, qui commence quand il est encore tout petit, continue jusqu'aux dernières années de sa vie. Ses idées politiques et sociales contribuent à la lutte kurde à la fois sur l'échelle politique, social et culturelle. Dans le cadre de cette recherche, l'ambition est d'analyser Noureddine Zaza en tant qu'homme politique et intellectuel et de comprendre ses activités et son influence sur son époque à partir du milieu kurde. Ce travail est une tentative de témoigner de la trajectoire d'un intellectuel kurde.

Noureddine Zaza fait partie de la première génération d'intellectuels exilés du Kurdistan, divisé en quatre parties par le traité de Lausanne (1923) après la première guerre mondiale. Sa vie en exil, qui commence quand il est encore tout petit, continue jusqu'aux dernières années de sa vie. Ses idées politiques et sociales contribuent à la lutte kurde à la fois sur l'échelle politique, social et culturelle. Dans le cadre de cette recherche, l'ambition est d'analyser Noureddine Zaza en tant qu'homme politique et intellectuel et de comprendre ses activités et son influence sur son époque à partir du milieu kurde. Ce travail est une tentative de témoigner de la trajectoire d'un intellectuel kurde.

Das irakische Volk nahm am 15. Oktober 2005 in einem Referendum die neue irakische Verfassung an. Die Wahlbeteiligung lag bei 63 Prozent. Die Verfassung bestimmt, dass der Irak ein demokratischer, föderaler und parlamentarisch-republikanischer Staat ist.Im Jahr 2005 wurde Kurdistan dadurch zu einer autonomen Region, was auch in der irakischen Verfassung verankert wurde. Sie hat die Kontrolle über die Erforschung und Ausbeutung von Bodenschätzen, die Sicherheits-, Bildungs- und Gesundheitspolitik, die Entwicklung der Infrastruktur sowie die Polizei und den Geheimdienst. Obwohl hier staatliche oder staatsähnliche Institutionen aufgebaut worden sind, ist Kurdistan aber noch immer kein unabhängiger Staat. Nachdem die Kurden gegen den Islamischen Staat große Erfolge erzielen konnten und ein großes Gebiet, vor allem Musul und Kerkuk, unter ihre Kontrolle gebracht hatten, änderte sich die Situation. 2018 wurde ein Unabhängigkeitsreferendum durchgeführt. In der gegenständlichen Diplomarbeit wird dargelegt, ob die Kurden in Nordirak einen Rechtsanspruch auf einen eigenen Staat haben. Hierfür werden völkerrechtliche Grundlagen herangezogen und analysiert. Es wird auch untersucht, inwieweit der Fall Kosovo, der ähnlich gelagert ist wie der Irakisch-Kurdistan, mit Letzterem vergleichbar ist. In weiterer Folge werden die Auswirkungen eines unabhängigen Irakisch-Kurdistans auf den mittleren Osten behandelt. ; The Iraqi people adopted the new Iraqi Constitution in a referendum on 15 October 2005. Turnout was 63 percent. The Constitution stipulates that Iraq is a democratic, federal, and parliamentary-Republican state.In 2005, Kurdistan became an autonomous region, which was also enshrined in the Iraqi Constitution. It has control over the exploration and exploitation of natural resources, security, education, and health policy, the development of infrastructure, as well as the police and the secret service. Although state or state-like institutions have been established, Kurdistan is still not an independent state. Hence, after the Kurds achieved considerable success against the Islamic State and brought a large area, especially Mosul and Kirkuk, under their control, the situation changed. As a result, an independence referendum was held in 2018.This thesis will set out whether the Kurds in northern Iraq have a legal right to their state. For this purpose, the basis of international law will be used and analyzed. It will also examine the extent to which the case of Kosovo, which is similar to that of Iraqi Kurdistan, is comparable to the latter. Subsequently, the impact of an independent Iraqi Kurdistan on the Middle East will be discussed. ; vorgelegt von Mustafa Aktas ; Zusammenfassung in Deutsch ; Abweichender Titel laut Übersetzung des Verfassers/der Verfasserin ; Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz, Diplomarbeit, 2019 ; (VLID)4342133

Regulation 1049/2001 on access to Commission, European Parliament and Council documents was due to be revised a decade ago. The revision process started with a proposal by the Commission in 2008. However, the negative response of the European Parliament signalled what came to be deadlocked process. This chapter aims to unearth the reasons underlying this deadlock by comparing the proposal of the Commission and the resolution adopted by the European Parliament in response to it. The resulting differences in both institutions' positions are going to be used to clarify their underlying motives for rejecting each other's proposals. The ultimate objective of this chapter is thus to shed light on the Commission and the European Parliament's attitudes towards transparency and the right to public access to documents within the European Union.

Our thesis concerns the acquisition and the loss of the French nationality between 1804 and 1927.During this period, as well the acquisition as the loss of the French nationality were subjet to the the influence of the political, economic and sociological imperatives of time.On the one hand, as regards the acquisition of the French nationality two criteria were retained by the various authors to grant the quality of French. According to them, only the jus sanguinis or the jus soli allowed to acquire the French nationality. However, we have to admit that it is nothing. Indeed, we were able to establish through the preparatory work study of the Civil code that a third criterion taking into account the essential qualities that is the assimilation of the customs, the manners, the habits and the French culture, was at the origin of a large number of acquisition of the French nationality.On the other hand, these same imperatives determined with more or less of severity the conditions of loss of French nationality.Consequently, it is difficult to determine with precision what is a French. ; Notre thèse porte sur l'acquisition et la perte de la nationalité française entre 1804 et 1927.Pendant cette période, aussi bien l'acquisition que la perte de la nationalité française ont subi l'influence des impératifs politiques, économiques et sociologiques de l'époque.D'une part, s'agissant de l'acquisition de la nationalité française deux critères ont été retenus par les différents auteurs pour octroyer la qualité de Français. Selon eux, seuls le jus sanguinis ou le jus soli permettait d'acquérir la nationalité française. Or, force est de constater qu'il n'en est rien. En effet, nous avons pu établir à travers l'étude des travaux préparatoires du Code civil qu'un troisième critère prenant en compte les qualités essentielles c'est-à-dire l'assimilation des moeurs, des usages, des habitudes et de la culture française, était à l'origine d'un grand nombre d'acquisition de la nationalité française.D'autre part, ces mêmes impératifs ont déterminé avec plus ou moins de sévérité les conditions de perte de la nationalité française.Dès lors, la définition de la nationalité est française est éphémère.Par conséquent, il est difficile de déterminer avec précision ce qu'est un Français.

Our thesis concerns the acquisition and the loss of the French nationality between 1804 and 1927.During this period, as well the acquisition as the loss of the French nationality were subjet to the the influence of the political, economic and sociological imperatives of time.On the one hand, as regards the acquisition of the French nationality two criteria were retained by the various authors to grant the quality of French. According to them, only the jus sanguinis or the jus soli allowed to acquire the French nationality. However, we have to admit that it is nothing. Indeed, we were able to establish through the preparatory work study of the Civil code that a third criterion taking into account the essential qualities that is the assimilation of the customs, the manners, the habits and the French culture, was at the origin of a large number of acquisition of the French nationality.On the other hand, these same imperatives determined with more or less of severity the conditions of loss of French nationality.Consequently, it is difficult to determine with precision what is a French. ; Notre thèse porte sur l'acquisition et la perte de la nationalité française entre 1804 et 1927.Pendant cette période, aussi bien l'acquisition que la perte de la nationalité française ont subi l'influence des impératifs politiques, économiques et sociologiques de l'époque.D'une part, s'agissant de l'acquisition de la nationalité française deux critères ont été retenus par les différents auteurs pour octroyer la qualité de Français. Selon eux, seuls le jus sanguinis ou le jus soli permettait d'acquérir la nationalité française. Or, force est de constater qu'il n'en est rien. En effet, nous avons pu établir à travers l'étude des travaux préparatoires du Code civil qu'un troisième critère prenant en compte les qualités essentielles c'est-à-dire l'assimilation des moeurs, des usages, des habitudes et de la culture française, était à l'origine d'un grand nombre d'acquisition de la nationalité française.D'autre part, ces mêmes impératifs ...

0\. VORÜBERLEGUNGEN Kulturistischer Impuls 9 Zugang zum Bedenken der Stimmung 10 Kurze Bemerkung zum Begriff der Erfahrung 11 Daseinsanalyse 12 1\. DAS POLITISCHE VOM MÖGLICHEN HER DENKEN 13 Die Welt und das Denken 13 Die Kunst der Politik und die Spitze der Rationalitätspyramide 14 Konstruktion von Universalität 17 Möglichkeitssinn und die Existenz in der Möglichkeit 20 Abenddämmerung der Natur 21 GESCHICHTE(N) DER MODERNE 27 2\. DIE INDUSTRIEKULTUR 28 Arbeitslosigkeit und Kunstkritik 28 Libido des Kapitalismus 33 3\. INDUSTRIALISIERUNG DER MENSCHFORMUNGSPROZESSE 36 Die Diskursivierung der Sexualität 37 Ökonomie der Sünden und die Vermassung der Beichte 40 Körper und Schrift 43 A. Das Abnorme: Homosexualität und Onanie 43 B. Geschichte des Körpers 45 Bio-Politik 49 Die Ordnung und das Leben 50 Die Pest 51 4\. GESCHICHTE(N) DER GESCHICHTSPOLITIK 54 Weltpolitik – Söhne und Weltmacht 54 Wahrheit und Geschichte 60 Kräfte unterhalb der Intelligenz 63 Vertrauenskapital 64 Der erstickende Zustand der Vernunft 65 Anmerkung zu "Die Technik und die Kehre" 67 GESCHICHTE(N) DER PSYCHO-AKUSTISCHEN SPHÄRIK 71 5\. DIE PSYCHOAKUSTISCHE INSEL 72 Explikation des menschlichen In-der-Welt-Seins 72 Katastrophengeschichte der Moderne 73 Psychoakustische Inseln 76 Psychoakustische Inseln als Treibhäuser oder Immunsysteme: Explikation kulturaler Atmo-Sphären 81 6\. GESCHICHTE(N) DER KUGEL 87 Die Kugel 89 Atlas – Vom Himmelsträger zum Erdkugelträger: Kugeln tragen 91 Der Atlas 92 Atlastransformationen 96 Zwischen-Exkurs – künstliche Solidarität 97 Christophoros der Chananäer 99 Christophorus Kolumbus 102 Gerhard Mercator – der mauretanische Atlaskönig 104 Außerhalb der Kugel 105 Psychosemantischer Raum 107 7\. DIE ZWEITE ATMOSPHÄRE 114 a. Exzeptionalismus, Innovationismus und Evolutionismus 121 b. Risikounternehmungen, Mathematik und technische Sicherungssysteme 122 c. Risikogesellschaften als Treibhäuser 124 d. Kristallpalast 127 Aus dem Kellerloch und der Begriff der "Seinsgeschichte" 130 Die "Lebensmacht" und das andere Leben? 136 ...

The study attempts to gauge the impact of human development and public governance quality on economic welfare in the long term. The basic proposal of the analysis is that economic growth and/or development cannot be the measurement of the value of economic performance. For this reason, the Economic Prosperity Index, developed by the "Legatum Institute" is the dependent variable of the linear logarithmic model estimated in the paper. Besides, the measurement of economic welfare, (public) governance quality, which neoclassical economics ignored for a certain period, is considered an important input to human development. By taking these two variables into the research center, the study sights the rise in the prosperity (welfare) of 31 transition economies that achieved intense development after the 2000s from 2007 to 2020. Transition economies are selected owing to the rapid development and strong welfare effects they have reached with the millennium. So, the main hypothesis of the research is that transition economies have high human development and good governance that creates economic prosperity. By applying this research question, cross-sectional dependence and slope homogeneity tests, unit root tests, and co-integration tests, the author has conducted the lag length selection before the long-run relationship. Comprehensive analysis findings reveal that both indicators enhance economic prosperity by positively affecting them in the long run and that some of the deviations are improved.

Purpose: The aim of the study is to reveal the relationship between economic growth and tourism receipts between 1995 and 2018 for Turkey. -- Design/methodology/approach: Econometric analysis method was used in the research. The existence of a long-term relationship between variables was questioned by the Johansen Cointegration Test. Least Squares Method was used for regression analysis. -- Findings: The results suggest that there is cointegration between economic growth and tourism receipts. In the longrun tourism receipts effect economic growth positively. According to the estimated model with Least Squares Method, each %1 increse in the tourism receipt increases GDP %0.21 and the percentage change in the tourism receipts can explain the of the percentage change in GDP in the confidence interval. -- Practical implications: This research has significant implications for both policy makers and investors. The government has to consider the effect of the tourism industry while planning the investments, expenditures and incentives. -- Originality/value: This study allows to make forecast for the future and gives opportunity to make comparison for the subsequent researchers with the latest findings in this field. ; peer-reviewed