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This study empirically explores climate change-related impacts on rice farming by using global circulation models together with crop modelling. The approach uses a bottom-up strategy which focuses on agricultural production loss under various climatic conditions following observational records of precipitation and warming climatic factors up to the year 2090. The study provides a wide range of potential climate outcomes and assesses the comparative advantages of both mitigation and adaptation alternatives concerning prioritizing requirements to reduce scenario vulnerabilities in rice agriculture. Utilizing scenario vulnerabilities, this study visualizes alternative guidelines and some of the potential paths policymakers could take with their planning strategies. The issue considered in the present study could be used as a reference for developing climate change and global warming-related agricultural policies in Malaysia and other places with similar ecological conditions.

Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- Abbreviations -- Chapter 1: Introduction -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Problem Statement -- 1.3 Research Goals -- 1.4 Current Climate Change Scenario in Malaysia -- 1.5 Significance of Study -- 1.6 Limitations -- 1.7 Conclusion -- 1.8 Book Organization -- References -- Chapter 2: Recent Research on Climate Change and Food Security -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.1.1 Climate Variability and Climate Change -- 2.1.2 Declining Food Sector -- 2.2 Asian Development Bank Observations of Climate Change in Agriculture in Southeast Asia -- 2.2.1 Dynamics of Food Security under a Changing Climate -- 2.2.2 Food Security and Climate Change: A Conceptual Framework -- 2.2.3 Contribution of Food Sector to Malaysian GDP -- 2.3 Potential Impacts of Climate Change on Food Security in Malaysia -- 2.4 Climate Change and Self-Sufficiency Level in Rice Production in Malaysia -- 2.5 Food Security Policy in Malaysia -- 2.6 Food Security and Responses to Climate Change -- 2.7 Exploring Development Paths: Institutions and Collective Behavior -- 2.8 Empirical Literature on the Impact of Climate Change -- 2.9 Relevant Literature Based on National and International Perspectives -- 2.10 Models to Assess Impact of Climate Change -- 2.10.1 Partial Equilibrium Models -- 2.10.2 Crop Simulation Models -- 2.10.3 Agro-Ecological Zone Models -- 2.10.4 Ricardian Models -- 2.11 Adaptation Policy for Food Security -- 2.11.1 Levels and Approaches of Adaptation for Malaysia -- 2.11.2 Government Policies, Challenges, and Actions for Food Security at National Level -- 2.11.3 Food Policy Measures and Challenges at International Level -- 2.12 Literature Gap to Study Impacts of Climate Change on Food Security -- 2.13 Contribution to Literature on Malaysian Perspectives -- References.

This study illustrates some of the challenges of sustainability for businesses and the probable causes of these challenges in relation to Malaysian offshore firms. This study highlights the possible links between business sustainability in the existing types of offshore outsourcing business environments and their failure to transform themselves to adopt best practices. The results of the statistical techniques used to quantify long-term business sustainability indicate that the age of firms has a weak relationship with sustainability and environmental practices (–0.075) and offshore outsourcing issues (0.074). Our study simulations suggest that government support amounting to 5% of export earnings would ensure offshore investment sustainability in the long term, compared to existing situations. The findings also highlight that this percentage could gradually be increased by 10%, 15% or even 20%, subject to different levels of offshore operations, outsourcing prospects, export earnings, performance and economic development. First published online 2 November 2015

This study illustrates some of the challenges of sustainability for businesses and the probable causes of these challenges in relation to Malaysian offshore firms. This study highlights the possible links between business sustainability in the existing types of offshore outsourcing business environments and their failure to transform themselves to adopt best practices. The results of the statistical techniques used to quantify long-term business sustainability indicate that the age of firms has a weak relationship with sustainability and environmental practices (–0.075) and offshore outsourcing issues (0.074). Our study simulations suggest that government support amounting to 5% of export earnings would ensure offshore investment sustainability in the long term, compared to existing situations. The findings also highlight that this percentage could gradually be increased by 10%, 15% or even 20%, subject to different levels of offshore operations, outsourcing prospects, export earnings, performance and economic development. First published online 2 November 2015