Suchergebnisse

El propósito de este artículo es contribuir al análisis conceptual y empírico de la regulación ambiental local en zonas rurales en el contexto de la crisis del covid-19 y la crisis climática. Para ello se presenta un análisis socio-jurídico de las relaciones entre la política del cambio climático y Agenda 2030 en el contexto de las actuales cuestiones agrarias en tres contextos rurales en la región del Ñuble en Chile, la región de Uppsala en Suecia y el condado de Delaware en el estado de Nueva York en Estados Unidos. El artículo se basa en trabajo empírico y una metodología cualitativa para la investigación en las señaladas áreas rurales. Conceptual y analíticamente se discuten las relaciones entre distintos tipos de Estado y los problemas de legitimidad y conflictos normativos en el contexto de la regulación ambiental. A partir de lo anterior, el artículo presenta un análisis socio-jurídico comparado de la política rural y los procesos de regulación ambiental en los tres contextos nacionales antes indicados para explicar cómo la política rural se transforma en un tema jurídico central en el contexto de la pospandemia y la crisis climática, donde preguntas sobre la regulación ambiental local y el desarrollo rural son radicalmente resignificadas. En este contexto, el análisis comparativo ofrecido en este trabajo nos muestra la centralidad de los conflictos normativos y los problemas de legitimidad en la regulación ambiental en el contexto de las nuevas cuestiones agrarias en territorios rurales donde se desarrolla una parte fundamental de la política del cambio climático y la acción climática. El artículo concluye resaltando la importancia de focalizar el análisis socio-jurídico de las experiencias de regulación ambiental local en las áreas rurales para entender el potencial y los límites de este tipo de experiencias en tanto alternativas de política ambiental local con mayor legitimidad en el contexto de procesos de democracia local y la participación de los gobiernos locales en la planificación y definición del uso y manejo de recursos locales.

This article aims to contribute to the conceptual and empirical analysis of local environmental regulation in rural areas in the context of the covid-19 crisis and the climate crisis. The article offers an analysis of the relationships between the politics of climate change and Agenda 2030 in the context of current agrarian questions in three rural settings of Chile, Sweden and the US. Within this context, the article uses empirical material from fieldwork in three rural areas and it develops on and builds upon a conceptual framework to approach and discuss different types of state, problems of legitimacy and normative conflicts in the context of local environmental regulation. The comparative analysis offered in this article shows us the centrality of normative conflicts and issues of legitimacy in environmental regulation in the context of new agrarian questions in rural areas while facing some of the most important challenges for climate action. The article concludes by highlighting the importance, potential and limits of the experiences of local environmental regulation in the rural areas analyzed in the article with a focus on how these cases can be seen as alternative ways to develop environmental policy in more legitimate ways. This, as it is argued in the article, needs to be considered in relation to local democratic processes and the role of local governments in the planning and definition concerning the use and management of local resources. ; El propósito de este artículo es contribuir al análisis conceptual y empírico de la regulación ambiental local en zonas rurales en el contexto de la crisis del covid-19 y la crisis climática. Para ello se presenta un análisis socio-jurídico de las relaciones entre la política del cambio climático y Agenda 2030 en el contexto de las actuales cuestiones agrarias en tres contextos rurales en la región del Ñuble en Chile, la región de Uppsala en Suecia y el condado de Delaware en el estado de Nueva York en Estados Unidos. El artículo se basa en trabajo empírico y ...

AbstractThis article analyses the rural politics and discursive strategies of the Sweden Democrats political party and contrasts them with the politics of movements proposing inclusionary rural development in Sweden. The article examines political and media documents on rural issues produced by the Sweden Democrats, uses documents of and interviews with representatives of rural development initiatives in Sweden and analyses relevant forest owners' magazines. The results show that the defence of property rights and exclusionary politics are a prominent part of the populist strategy of the Sweden Democrats in rural areas and that technological development and mechanisation of forestry and agriculture become crucial challenges in articulating political efforts for inclusionary rural development in Sweden. The article concludes by highlighting differences between the Sweden Democrats' populist strategies and the political efforts to build inclusionary rural politics in the context of contemporary land questions in Sweden.

This thesis is based on a comparative study of forest use and land use for forestry in Sweden and Chile. Processes of forestry development in the two countries are placed in relation to world forestry. Theoretically, the thesis draws insights and conceptualisations from historical materialism, critical theory and world systems theory to work with a framework combining political ecology and environmental communication. The thesis deals with forestry, forest use and land use in times where the importance of wood biomass is fundamental as climate change challenges are substantially defined by the use of forests and land. In this context, the changing meanings and materiality of forests, forestry and land use constitute a fundamental political process today at both national and global levels. One main focus in the research has been to explore current processes linking forestry and climate change politics and how they are materialized in two geographical areas; the study areas having been Ñuble province in Chile and Jämtland- Västernorrland in Sweden. The thesis analyses both contemporary and past events influencing the present situation of forestry in the two countries, uses incorporated comparison as a specific comparative approach and is methodologically informed by notions of dialectics. Analysis of discourses, observations, interviews and other methods have been put together along with theoretical reasoning on the constitution and transformation of historically specific social-ecological relations. The thesis empirically shows relations between social changes associated with forestry and theoretically draws from, and elaborates on, different forms of critical theory. An important finding of this thesis is the deep interconnection between forestry in Chile and forestry in Sweden. The study also shows that forestry development in Chile influences the overall situation of forestry in Sweden and vice versa. In this regard, forestry in the two countries has been shown to form and be formed through the historical development of world forestry. The thesis also shows how climate change has transformed discursive practices of forestry in the two countries. In addition, the thesis highlights labour questions, movement of resistance related to capitalist forestry development and specific discourses articulating forestry development in the two countries. A main conclusion of the thesis is that the conflictive nature of forestry in Chile and Sweden is greatly entangled with processes of environmental communication and political ecology relations; relations that are today formed to an important degree through use value and exchange value contradictions.

AbstractThe article analyses how and why agricultural digitalisation unfolds in contrasting agricultural sub‐sectors and rural spaces in Europe, with a particular focus on dairy farming. The authors explore the differences and similarities underpinning and produced by agricultural digitalisation and how this intersects with meanings of rural development and the politics of sustainability. Building on qualitative research carried out in the regions of Uppsala (Sweden) and Calabria (Italy), the article unveils the contradictory nature of agricultural digitalisation as a process intertwined with the capitalist development of agriculture that raises key political questions. The cases of Uppsala and Calabria, in particular, show that the transformation of dairy farming through automation and digitalisation is uneven and combined, being deeply connected to how politics of sustainability and rural development are embedded—and negotiated—in specific agrarian settings. The authors discuss their empirical findings in terms of new agrarian questions in Europe.

This commentary focuses on analyzing the potential of citizen science to address legitimacy issues in the knowledge base used to guide transformative governance in the context of the United Nation's Sustainable Development Goals (henceforth SDGs). The commentary develops two interrelated arguments for better understanding the limits of what we term "traditional" Environmental Monitoring and Assessment (EMA) as well as the potential of citizen science (CS) for strengthening the legitimacy of EMA in the local implementation of SDGs. We start by arguing that there is an urgent need for a profound renewal of traditional EMA to better implement the SDGs. Then, we present CS as a democratic innovation that provides a path to EMA renewal that incorporates, develops, and extends the role of CS in data production and use by EMA. The commentary substantiates such arguments based on current approaches to CS and traditional EMA. From this starting point, we theorize the potential of CS as a democratic innovation that can repurpose EMA as a tool for the implementation of the SDGs. With a focus on the implementation of SDG15 (Life on Land) in local contexts, the commentary presents CS as a democratic innovation for legitimate transformative governance that can affect socio-ecological transitions. We see this approach as especially appropriate to analyze the implementation of SDGs in rural settings where a specific resource nexus can create conflict-laden contexts with much potential for a renewed EMA to support transformative governance towards Agenda 2030.