Suchergebnisse

Korupsi sudah ada di Indonesia sejak zaman dahulu. Pada masa penjajahan Belanda, korupsi diperparah dengan ulah pejabat Belanda. Setelah Kemerdekaan pada tahun 1945, korupsi berkurang untuk waktu yang singkat. Setelah tahun 1955, korupsi kembali meningkat. Korupsi semakin parah setelah Soeharto mengambil alih kekuasaan dari Soekarno pada tahun 1966. Korupsi sebagian besar terjadi tanpa pengawasan. Pemberantasan korupsi telah muncul sebagai komponen utama dari program reformasi resmi Indonesia sejak Mei 1998. Agenda anti korupsi telah diterima, setidaknya secara retorika, oleh Presiden B.J. Habibie, Gus Dur, Megawati, dan Susilo Bambang Yudoyono (SBY) untuk ekonomi dan alasan politik. Setelah Mei 1998 Indonesia memulai program reformasi politik dan kelembagaan yang ekstensif. Pada masa SBY, Indonesia memiliki dua Badan Nasional Pemberantasan Korupsi, yaitu "KPK" dan "TimTasTipikor". Artikel ini merangkum dan membahas bagaimana Lembaga Antikorupsi Nasional di Indonesia dapat menjadi pemain kunci dalam perang melawan suap, seperti Independent Commission Against Corruption (ICAC) di Hong Kong. Sebelum penyerahan Hong Kong ke China pada Juli 1997, ICAC bertanggung jawab langsung kepada Gubernur, dan Komisarisnya melapor langsung kepada Chief Executive Daerah Administratif Khusus Hong Kong dan bertanggung jawab langsung kepadanya. Hong Kong menerapkan pola pemberantasan korupsi yang paling efektif dengan kombinasi legislasi antikorupsi komprehensif yang dilaksanakan secara imparsial oleh lembaga antikorupsi independen. Saya kira KPK di Indonesia sudah diterapkan seperti ICAC di Hong Kong, tapi ada kendala.

AbstractThis study aims at explaining the effectiveness of President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono's defense strategy in 2009-2014 to encounter international security threats especially in the rise of China. The defense strategy built by SBY is caused by the dynamism of international security which continues to grow. The condition can threaten the sovereignty of every country and disturb the stability of international security. This research is written down based on two concepts offered; those are national interest and balance of power. This study implements qualitative method that uses literature study of several books and journals. The technique of analyzing the data used in this research is inductive techniques. Study of literacy, journals, and some books are used in data collection to collect data for SBY defense effectiveness. The finding of this research shows that the strategy used by SBY to encounter international security threats are: (1) applying active free politic in foreign policy to establish defense cooperation; (2) designing MEF to meet the standard budget in building Indonesian military strength; (3) employing free from one block when any countries deal with conflict; and (4) maintaining peace and defending the sovereignty of citizens from external threats in accordance with Islam. It is not necessary to prioritize the group interests to determine the policy of defense strategy if the strategy designed by SBY has already given an impact on its effectiveness to safeguard the sovereignty of Indonesia. The author uses an inductive approach to analyze data. By collecting data or descripting relevant as well as from reliable sources with the ultimate goal of generalizing. The generalization is intended as a statement about relationship between two or more concepts; this statement can vary from simple to very complex Keywords: Strategy of defense; military; international security; sovereignty.

In Indonesia, corruption has been so endemic inside the country that it affects everyone from the village level to the center of power in Jakarta. Massive corruption has been blamed as one of the causes of Indonesia's economic stagnation that occurred after the Asian Economic Crisis. Why corruption is so prevalent and what factors make corruption so prevalent in Indonesia?. This letter try to explain the causes of endemic corruption in Indonesia with three theories: mainstream economic theory, patrimonialism, and kleptocratic state theory. This tulisan also try to discussion about the distinguish between "mainstream" and "kleptocratic" that very interesting. The mainstream economic theory see that in the state that government policies intervene in the economy would result in rent­seeking behavior, but in the state that more open competitive economies would have less corruption. The kleptocratic state theory see that even policies to reduce economic activities of the state and making it more competitive and open could also result in rent­seeking behavior, if government officials see an opportunity to enrich themselves during the process and have an ability or power to manipulate the outcome of the transaction. The case of corruption in PLN is case of political economic of corruption that can to be explained on that three theories.

Philosophy that makes reason as a rejection is contrary to religion that comes from revelation. This understanding often leads to ideological resistance. This study aims to determine the relationship between philosophy and Islamic science that uses reason as a role. The purpose of this research is discussed through a literature study that examines problems in Al-Farabi's perspective. From the analysis, it is known that the philosophical theories of Al-Farabi's thoughts such as emanation theory, political theory, and metaphysical theory are able to connect philosophical concepts with religious science. Al-Farabi views science as the result of theorizing on various observations of the five senses and the mind of the many phenomena that are physical in nature. Al-Farabi had also mastered philosophy and believed in Islamic sources, and accepted them with reason and logic. Among the evidence that states the relationship between philosophy and religion according to Al-Farabi is the existence of a reciprocal relationship in terms of truth/haqq, philosophers and priests, or the concept of state and religion.