Suchergebnisse

In the early Imperial age, a feature, which had already been seen in the period of civil wars, even though sporadically and disapproved, took hold and became almost commonplace: wives increasingly accompanied their husbands who were sent to the provinces on military and civilian duties. Already with Augustus, but especially with the first and second generation Princes, it was established the custom that the women of the domus imperialis accompanied their husbands engaged away from Rome: the image of a couple united in sharing the daily toils of military life as well as the honours of public ceremonies was functional to prestige and the idea of a potential imperial succession. Even some Governors' wives moved to the provinces but not all of them chose to live in the shadows, some entering forbidden areas and subsequently being involved in trial for concussio. The custom of accompanying their husbands inevitably spread also among wives of ordinary soldiers. Despite attempts to revive the old bans, the mos maiorum (Tac. Ann. 3, 33, 4), strenuously defended by the conservatives in tones reminiscent of Cato the Elder, was superseded by the new behaviours promoted by the members of the domus Augusta. ; In the early Imperial age, a feature, which had already been seen in the period of civil wars, even though sporadically and disapproved, took hold and became almost commonplace: wives increasingly accompanied their husbands who were sent to the provinces on military and civilian duties. Already with Augustus, but especially with the first and second generation Princes, it was established the custom that the women of the domus imperialis accompanied their husbands engaged away from Rome: the image of a couple united in sharing the daily toils of military life as well as the honours of public ceremonies was functional to prestige and the idea of a potential imperial succession. Even some Governors' wives moved to the provinces but not all of them chose to live in the shadows, some entering forbidden areas and subsequently being involved in trial for concussio. The custom of accompanying their husbands inevitably spread also among wives of ordinary soldiers. Despite attempts to revive the old bans, the mos maiorum (Tac. Ann. 3, 33, 4), strenuously defended by the conservatives in tones reminiscent of Cato the Elder, was superseded by the new behaviours promoted by the members of the domus Augusta.

Augusto, coinvolto nella duplice veste di pater familias e di pater patriae, prestò grande attenzione all'educazione culturale e morale dei giovani della domus; per ognuno di loro, secondo il ruolo cui erano destinati, programmò accuratamente le tappe della carriera pubblica e curò soprattutto la formazione militare. Anche le donne, coinvolte in complesse strategie matrimoniali, svolsero nella domus un ruolo spesso determinante. Il piano educativo concepito da Augusto sulla formazione della futura classe dirigente prendeva forma sotto il diretto controllo dell'imperatore, in un clima saldamente ancorato ai principi del mos maiorum, ma intellettualmente raffinato, impregnato di ellenismo e frequentato da illustri uomini di cultura.In the dual roles of pater familias and pater patriae, Augustus paid particular attention to the cultural and moral education of the house's youth; according to their destined roles, each one carefully planned their public career stages and paid special attention to their military training. Also the women, involved in complex matrimonial strategies, often played a leading role in the household. Augustus' educational plan for educating the future political class was under direct control of the Emperor in a climate strictly anchored to the principles of mos maiorum, but intellectually refined, impregnated with Hellenism and patronized by illustrious men of culture.

Attraverso l'esame delle testimonianze provenienti da numerosi accampamenti militari si studiano alcune peculiarità della composizione e del funzionamento della complessa, quanto articolata e disciplinata, burocrazia militare; archivi, documenti e personale, addetto alla redazione e conservazione del materiale prodotto, ne costituiscono la struttura portante sia nelle legioni che nei piccoli distaccamenti e consentono di cogliere aspetti e caratteri significativi della multiforme realtà militare. Cornicularii, actarii, librarii, exacti ed una nutrita schiera di adiutores e specialisti svolgono negli officia di legati, praefetti, principes e procuratores un intenso lavoro, che si traduce nella compilazione di documenti solo in parte destinati alla conservazione a lungo termine. I numerosi depositi di ostraca e tavolette di legno ammassati nelle discariche mostrano che parte della produzione scritta aveva un valore effimero; infatti, una volta esaurito lo scopo per il quale era stata composta, veniva abbandonata o distrutta. From the evidence obtained from numerous military camps, their modus operandi can be studied as can how well articulated and disciplined their military bureaucracy was. Archives, documents and the personnel who drafted and conserved them formed the foundations of both the legions and detachments, shedding light on significant aspects and characteristics of the multiform military machine. Cornicularii, actarii, librarii, exacti and a host of adiutores and specialists carried out intense work in the officia of legati, praefetti, principes and procurators dedicated to compiling documents only in part destined for long term conservation. The numerous depositories of ostraca and wooden tablets piled up in their rubbish dumps reveal that part of all their writing had only a short-lived value, so once they were dealt with and past their utility date they were either dumped or destroyed.

La rilettura della documentazione, soprattutto di quella epigrafica, sui tabulariadella legione, ritenuti tradizionalmente tre, dà ampio margine per ribadire l'esistenza del tabularium equitum e, nel contempo, per affermare che ancora oggi il numero deitabularia rimane incerto. The re-reading of the documentation, and especially the inscriptions, on the legionary tabularia, traditionally considered three, gives ample space to confirm the existence tabularium equitum and, at the same time, state that the number of tabularia still remains uncertain.