Suchergebnisse

Verbal reports were elicited from 70 caregivers rendering care to impaired parents. Despite great empirical variety in the caregiving context, caregivers showed a striking commonality of interpretation with respect to attitudes about parental dependency and the obligation to care for a parent. In fact, ideas about dependency and obligation covary in predictable ways. Content analysis of the verbal reports and additional ethnographic data show that the association of these two sets of ideas represents shared knowledge in a culture of caregiving. Ideas about dependency and obligation "go together," even for caregivers whose situations vary radically. While a minority of caregivers deviate from this consensus, they do not represent an alternative culture, but rather cases where the history of parent‐child relations leads them to interpret dependency and obligation more variably.

This is the first text to advance beyond traditional methods of research about promoting community health by presenting a new paradigm for emerging methodologies that integrate qualitative and quantitative research methods. Written for graduate students of public health and practicing researchers alike, the book highlights new technologies and methodologies that facilitate a more fluid use of integrated methods and interdisciplinary expertise. This new paradigm stresses the effects of ""place""--socioeconomic disadvantage, access to health care, quality of housing--as having great relevance fo

Objective: In the first six months of the pandemic, information on race and ethnic­ity was missing for half of the US COVID-19 cases. Combining case ascertainment with census-based zip code indicators may iden­tify COVID-19 race-ethnicity disparities in the absence of individual-level data.Design: Ecological retrospective study for the period March-July 2020.Setting: Population-based investigation, Al­legheny County, Pennsylvania.Participants: All COVID-19 cases, adjusted for zip code area population, in the early period of the pandemic.Main Outcome Measures: Monthly COVID-19 incidence and requests for hu­man services by zip code level indicators of race-ethnicity and poverty.Results: In the early period of the pan­demic, COVID-19 incidence was higher in zip codes with a greater proportion of racial and ethnic minorities. Zip codes with the highest quartile of minority residents (>25.1% of population) had a COVID-19 incidence of 60.1 (95% CI: 51.7-68.5) per 10,000 in this period; zip codes with the lowest quartile of minority residents (<6.3%) had an incidence of 31.3 (95% CI: 14.4-48.2). Requests for human services during this period (volume of 211 calls and county services) confirm these disparities.Conclusion: Use of census-defined race-ethnicity proportions by zip code offers a way to identify disparities when individual race-ethnicity data are unavailable.Ethn Dis. 2021;31(3):399-406; doi:10.18865/ed.31.3.399

This is the first text to advance beyond traditional methods of research about promoting community health by presenting a new paradigm for emerging methodologies that integrate qualitative and quantitative research methods. Written for graduate students of public health and practicing researchers alike, the book highlights new technologies and methodologies that facilitate a more fluid use of integrated methods and interdisciplinary expertise. This new paradigm stresses the effects of "place"--socioeconomic disadvantage, access to health care, quality of housing--as having great relevance for health outcomes. Use of these new research methods will provide greater insight into how and why contextual and community factors impact health and for developing more effective intervention programs.

In this paper, we demonstrate how public opinion surveys can be designed to collect information pertinent to computational behavior modeling, and we present the results of a public opinion and behavior survey conducted during the 2009–2010 H1N1 influenza pandemic. The results are used to parameterize the Health Belief Model of individual health‐protective decision making. Survey subjects were asked questions about their perceptions of the then‐circulating influenza and attitudes towards two personal protective behaviors: vaccination and avoidance of crowds. We empirically address two important issues in applying the Health Belief Model of behavior to computational infectious disease simulation: (1) the factors dynamically influencing the states of the Health Belief Model variables and (2) the appropriateness of the Health Belief Model in describing self‐protective behavior in the context of pandemic influenza.