Suchergebnisse

Abstract
The goal of this study is to capture the meaning of interstate friendship from the perspective of international
actors and to underline the benefits of analyzing speech acts as a tool for revealing the relational scripts that guide interstate
relations. Analysis of the discourse surrounding 215 assertions of friendship made by statespersons in a variety of diplomatic
encounters and cultural contexts allows us to identify the factors that state actors articulate to develop friendly interstate
relations, the practices expected from a friendly state, and the goals attributed to practices of friendship. In the Conclusion we
discuss the differences between interpersonal and interstate friendships, and how the speech act of friendship plays a part in the
construction of interstate relations.

This paper suggests a framework for studying how remedial actions are deployed following diplomatic crisis. On the basis of thirty-four case studies and twenty-one interviews with senior statespersons, we offer a novel typology of remedial strategies employed for diffusing interstate tension and pinpoint the various calculations taken by decision-makers in performing them. The analysis reveals three primary strategies for restoring diplomatic relations, the last of which was neglected thus far in the literature: reframing, wherein state actors negotiate the definition of transgressions and their responsibility for its occurrence; remorse, wherein the accused actors acknowledge ranging degrees of responsibility for committing wrongdoing; and finally, reassurance, wherein actors channel the remedial focus to the future relationship between the involved parties. Moreover, statespersons articulated several considerations taken into account when selecting a specific remedial strategy: the perceived value of the offended party, domestic political criticism, levels of publicity, adjusting a specific remedy to the target audience, and self-image. We conclude by discussing the value of remedial work for the study of diplomatic crises.