Suchergebnisse

Introduction. This article is devoted to the modern language policy in Germany. An analysis of intra- and extra-linguistic factors that influence the steps taken by the state in relation to the languages spoken on the territory of the country makes it possible to characterize the position and status of the language of the titular nation in Germany. Consideration of the current situation can help to draw a conclusion about the effectiveness of the implemented language policy, suggest further ways of the development of the German language, and also understand the underlying causes of the evolution of the language and its current state.Methodology and sources. The article is based on the results of the analysis of modern studies of the role, status and specifics of the German language by such linguists and philologists as Yu.V. Kobenko, S.A. Zhilyuk, V.I. Kozhevnikova, A. Kirkness, W. Hendelmeier, as well as the analysis of the main laws and legal acts in Germany regulating its language policy. For a more complete description of the studied phenomenon, the classic works of N.B. Vakhtin, E.V. Golovko, A.D. Schweitzer, L.B. Nikolskiy devoted to language policy, were considered.Results and discussion. Language policy is a powerful tool of social control. Due to the specifics of the formation of a unified German state, it is possible to talk about a systematically implemented language policy only from the end of the 19th century - the moment the German Empire was founded. The current position of the German language in Germany is determined by many extralinguistic factors, both diachronically (primarily by the role and position of the Third Reich in world history) and synchronically (the trend towards intensive cultural dialogue, openness of borders, priority support for the rights of linguistic minorities).Conclusion. At the moment, the German language is affected by the values of multiculturalism and pluralism cultivated in Europe and the actively ongoing process of globalization. Recognizing the importance of the German language in the process of the formation of German cultural identity, the German government is forced to focus primarily on supporting other languages and dialects common in the country. The question of supporting and securing the German language as a state language at the legislative level is still to be discussed.

Introduction. The article discusses loanwords as one of the ways to expand lexis, the attitude towards foreign language units in the German language community, in particular, purist movements and efforts to preserve purity of the language, a brief analysis of loanwords in modern German is carried out. Currently, loanwords, especially those form English, have a crucial role in the process of lexis evolution. Analyzing this phenomenon and its perception by native speakers might help to suggest how the German language will evolve.Methodology and sources. In the course of the study, such concepts as "language evolution", "loanwords", "purism" were analyzed and described. The materials for the study were the articles of such linguists as E.D. Polivanov and M.D. Stepanova on the development and expansion of lexis, in particular the one of the German language, the works of sociolinguists, L.P. Krysin and I.V. Belikov, in particular, related to language evolution, as well as modern studies of the German language.Results and discussion. The article highlights modern sociolinguistic ideas about language evolution, considers loanwords as a significant part of this process. The diachronic and synchronic analysis of foreign language elements in the lexis of the German language is carried out, the main milestones in the development of purism in Germany are presented. The development of a language, like the development of any society, is inevitably influenced by foreign cultures that bring something new; isolated development is practically impossible. At different stages, the language borrows missing elements from the languages of those communities that have achieved greater success in one area or another. The perception of borrowed elements is directly influenced by the mood in the language community, the political situation and other extralinguistic factors. The conducted research suggests that despite the not always positive attitude of members of the language community to loanwords, the process of including words from other languages into the lexis is inevitable.Conclusion. Borrowings are an inevitable consequence of linguistic evolution taking place in close contact with other languages and cultures. At the moment, borrowings are an integral part of the lexis of the German language and are an essential element of its development.