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This book describes the role money played in the campaigns of each of the major contenders for the 1988 presidential election and in congressional campaigns as well. It focuses on the aspects of the political process and contributes to our understanding of political influence in the United State.

Cover -- Half Title -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- List of Tables -- Preface and Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- □ 1 SPENDING IN THE 1988 ELECTIONS -- Categories of Political Spending, 1988 -- Patterns in Political Giving -- Notes -- □ 2 FINANCING THE PRESIDENTIAL ELECTIONS: SEEKING THE NOMINATIONS -- The Regulatory Framework -- The 1988 Presidential Costs -- Precandidacy PACs and the 1988 Elections -- Prenomination Campaigns -- Financing the National Conventions -- Recommendations for Future Convention Funding -- Notes -- □ 3 FINANCING THE PRESIDENTIAL ELECTIONS: THE GENERAL ELECTION CAMPAIGNS -- Bush-Quayle Media Spending -- Dukakis-Bentsen Media Spending -- Soft Money -- Three Parallel Campaigns -- Reevaluating Reform -- Conclusions -- Notes -- □ 4 FINANCING SENATE AND HOUSE ELECTIONS: THE IMPETUS FOR CAMPAIGN FINANCE REFORM -- The Controversy over a Trend Toward a "Permanent Congress -- Analyzing House and Senate Spending Data: 1988 -- Token Challengers in House Races -- Spending and Losing Incumbents in the House -- The 1988 Senate Data: The Rise of the Token Senate Challenger -- Parallels Between Token House and Senate Challengers -- Deep Pockets in the 1988 Senate Elections -- Deep Pockets and Candidate Recruitment -- PAC Spending in House and Senate Races -- Notes -- □ 5 RELATED FINANCING -- The Controversy over "Soft Money" in the 1988 Elections -- Soft Money and the Keating Five -- Regulating Soft Money -- Independent Expenditures in 1988 -- Independent Expenditures and Congressional Elections -- The Independent Campaign and the Presidential Elections -- Caveats in Analyzing Independent Expenditures -- Shadow PACs and the Direct Mail Industry -- Notes -- □ 6 COMMUNICATING WITH THE VOTERS -- Broadcast Media Regulations -- 1988 Debates and Forums -- Reasonable Access -- Lowest Unit Rate -- The Costs of Television.