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A prevalent image of China, both historically and in recent times, has been that of a civilization spared the malady of too many lawyers that is said to beset the United States and growing numbers of other nations. For better or worse, so such thinking goes, China has sought to address its problems primarily through reliance upon morality, custom, kinship or politics, rather than formal legality, with the result that there has been relatively little need for individuals whose work lies in the law. No wonder that it was Shakespeare, rather than a Chinese author, who gave voice to the much-cited, if arguably misunderstood, call to "kill all the lawyers first."

Since 1980, the legal profession in the PRC has multiplied more than 20-old from a base of 3,000 members. In 1993 alone, China admitted 20,000 citizens to law practice. The author examines problems facing the country's lawyers. He points out that barely one-fifth of Chinese lawyers have earned law degrees. They are ill-prepared to work as autonomous lawyers rather than as "state legal workers". (DÜI-Sen)

This Article commences in Part I by introducing law-making in China before reconstructing the drafting process and attendant political battles leading up to the revision of China's principal air pollution law in 1995 – which, as Ackerman and Hassler observed with reference to the United States, can be every bit as messy as the soiled air such efforts are intended to address. Part II then examines the institutional factors that ultimately are critical to an understanding of why the 1995 APPCL, as promulgated, fell well short of its original authors' objectives but set in motion a process that over time has led to the realization of at least some of these legislative goals through the 2000 APPCL. The Article concludes by suggesting the implications of these institutional considerations for environmental law and legislative development more generally in the PRC.

Foreword I -- Foreword II -- Foreword III -- Preface -- Getting involved in society -- Self-Realization Through Work -- The Internet Broadens My World -- Interview with a Colleague of D and ZL -- Find the Courage to Face the World -- Interview with Miss Zengzeng Zhao's Mother -- Interview with Zengzeng Zhao's co-worker (I) -- Interview with Zengzeng Zhao's co-worker (II) -- Interview with Zengzeng Zhao's co-worker (III) -- Interview with Zengzeng Zhao -- Observation of Zengzeng Zhao at work -- A Compilation of Aid Policies for Persons with Intellectual Disabilities in Shanghai Mei Liao .

Preface -- Worries about His Future -- Interview with Mr. QJ's Family -- Interview with QJ's Co-worker (Ⅰ) -- Interview with QJ's Co-worker (Ⅱ) -- Interview with QJ's Co-worker (Ⅲ) -- Interview with QJ's Co-worker (Ⅳ) -- Traveling for Auto Shows -- Interview with JL's Co-worker (Ⅰ).-Interview with QJ's Co-worker (Ⅱ) -- Observation of JL at Work -- Interview with ZZ's Co-worker -- Observation of ZZ at Work -- Simple Goal of Having a Stable Job -- Interview with Mr.W -- Never Treat the Child as Someone with a Disability -- Be Content and Cherish the Present -- Giving Is More Rewarding than Taking -- I Treat Him as My Own Son -- Eager for and Fearful of Communication -- Appendix I Interview with Papa John's HR Management. .

Preface -- She Enjoys Idioms and Fables -- Interview with Miss Li Lin 's Mother and Li Lin -- Interview with Li Lin 's Teacher -- Observation of Li Lin at the Sunshine Home -- Experienced Employee of an Office Supply Company -- Interview with Mr. Guojun Zhang's Mother -- Interview with Colleague of Guojun Zhang (Ⅰ).-Interview with Guojun Zhang -- Observation of Guojun Zhang at Work -- Personal Experiences of Social Progress -- Personal Experiences of Social Progress -- Out-of-school Child Entering Sports Field -- Observation of Dan Cao at the Sunshine Home -- A Square Dancing Celebrity -- Observation of Mr. LZ at the Sunshine Home -- Down Syndrome Boy Loving History Books -- Observation of Wei Yang at the Sunshine Home -- Observation of Xiaodong Yu at the Sunshine Home -- A Telephone Operator at a Sunshine Workshop -- Great Expectations, Now That My Special Olympics Hero Got His Own Daughter -- Observation of Miss F at School.

This open access book is unique in presenting the first oral history of individuals with an intellectual disability and their families in China. In this summary volume and the two accompanying volumes that follow, individuals with an intellectual disability tell their life stories, while their family members, teachers, classmates, and co-workers describe their professional, academic, and family relationships. Besides interview transcripts, each volume provides observations and records in real time the daily experiences of people with an intellectual disability. Drawing on the methodologies of sociology and oral history, the summary volume provides an unprecedented account of how people with intellectual disabilities in China understand themselves while also examining pertinent issues of public policy and civil society that have ramifications beyond the field of disability itself.

This open access book brings together oral histories that record the experiences of individuals with intellectual disabilities in Shanghai as they participate in their careers. Employees with intellectual disabilities describe their experiences seeking, attaining, and maintaining employment. Their managers, colleagues, and family members also provide keen insight into the challenges and opportunities these individuals have encountered in the process of securing employment. An appendix provides a compilation of employment policies related to people with intellectual disabilities, particularly with respect to Shanghai.