Suchergebnisse

This study aimed to reveal the relative contribution of social factors to compliance of university students with traffic rules at King Faisal University for Males in Al-Ahsa governorate, Saudi Arabia, and to reveal the differences in compliance with traffic rules between students of sciences and humanities. The sample of the study consisted of 874 students and it was conducted during the second semester of the academic year 2017-18. The participants were 381 from sciences and 493 from humanities. The authors used social factors and compliance with traffic rules as measurement tools and found out that three models of factors, including family, education and community to be statistically significant to the compliance of university students who drive with traffic rules. The results further showed that there are statistically significant differences in average scoring between students of sciences and students of humanities regarding the social factors that make them comply with traffic rules with science students complying more with traffic rules than their counterparts in humanities.

Received: 21 March 2021 / Accepted: 22 May 2021 / Published: 8 July 2021

The design of a 4 x 4 MIMO antenna for UWB communication systems is presented in this study. The single antenna element is comprised of a fractal circular ring structure backed by a modified partial ground plane having dimensions of 30 x 30 mm2. The single antenna element has a wide impedance bandwidth of 9.33 GHz and operates from 2.67 GHz to 12 GHz. Furthermore, the gain of a single antenna element increases as the frequency increases, with a peak realized gain and antenna efficiency of 5 dBi and >75%, respectively. For MIMO applications, a 4 x 4 array is designed and analyzed. The antenna elements are positioned in a plus-shaped configuration to provide pattern as well as polarization diversity. It is worth mentioning that good isolation characteristics are achieved without the utilization of any isolation enhancement network. The proposed MIMO antenna was fabricated and tested, and the results show that it provides UWB response from 2.77 GHz to over 12 GHz. The isolation between the antenna elements is more than 15 dB. Based on performance attributes, it can be said that the proposed design is suitable for UWB MIMO applications. ; The authors would like to appreciate Universidad Carlos III de Madrid and the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme for the funding of this research work under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie Grant 801538.

In this work, we present a highly compact multi-branch structure multi-band antenna with a grounded coplanar waveguide (GCPW)-fed structure printed on 26 ×13 ×1.6 mm3 sized FR-4 substrate having dielectric constant r of 4.3 and loss tangent of 0.02. In the proposed antenna, ve branches are extended from the main radiator to provide multi-band behavior. Two branches are introduced at the upper end of the main radiator, e ectively covering the lower bands, while the other three branches are introduced near the center of the main radiator to extend operation to higher bands. e designed antenna covers ve di erent bands: 2.4 GHz, 4.5 GHz, 5.5 GHz, 6.5 GHz, and 7.8 GHz, with respective gain values of 1.34, 1.60, 1.83, 1.80, and 3.50 dBi and respective radiation e ciency values of 90, 88, 84, 75, and 89%. e antenna shows a good impedance bandwidth, ranging from 170MHz to 3070 MHz. e proposed antenna is simulated in CST Microwave Studio, while its performance is experimentally validated by the fabrication and testing process. e antenna has potential applications for IoT, sub-6 GHz 5G and WLAN (both enablers for IoT), C-band, and X-band services. ; Dr. Mohammad Alibakhshikenari acknowledges support from the CONEX-Plus programme funded by Universidad Carlos III de Madrid and the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement No. 801538.

Background: Healthcare providers working in Saudi Arabia come from various nationalities, cultures, and training backgrounds. This study aimed to assess the perceptions of healthcare providers working in Riyadh hospitals about ethical dilemmas and solutions. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study among physicians working in Riyadh's private and governmental hospitals between June and December 2017. The study collected information on demographics, knowledge about medical ethics, the sources of such knowledge, and common ethical issues in general and the top ethical issues and dilemmas encountered in their daily practice. Results: A total of 455 physicians from government and private hospitals were enrolled in the study. The mean age of the participants was 34.29 ± 10.5 years, females were 29.7% and mean years of practice was 13.0 ± 11.5. The top ethical issues identified by the participants were "disagreement with the patients' relatives about treatment" (91%), patient disagreement with decisions made by professionals (84%), treating the incompetent patient (79%), conflict with administration policy and procedures (77%), scarcity of resources (72%), and making decision about do-not-resuscitate or life-sustaining treatment (68%). There were significant differences in dealing with ethical issues in relation to gender, confidence about ethical knowledge, nationality, seniority, training site, and private or government hospitals academic and nonacademic. Conclusion: Healthcare providers in Riyadh hospitals face multiple ethical challenges. In addition to improvement in ethics knowledge through educational program among healthcare professional, there is a valid need for healthcare professionals and other sectors within society to engage in serious and continuous dialogue to address these issues and propose recommendations.

Abdullah A Alharbi,1 Khalid I Alqumaizi,2 Ibrahim Bin Hussain,3– 5 Nasser S AlHarbi,6 Abdulmalik Alqahtani,7 Wala Alzawad,8 Hussam M Suhail,9 Mohammed I Alamir,9 Mohammed A Alharbi,9 Hamad Alzamanan10 1Family and Community Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan City, Jazan, Saudi Arabia; 2Family Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, AlMaarefa University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; 3Department of Pediatrics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; 4Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Al Faisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; 5Southern Business Unit, Health Holding Company Project, Healthcare Transformation, Vision Realization Office, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; 6Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; 7Ophthalmology Department, Prince Sultan Medical Military City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; 8Eastern Business Unit, Health Holding Company Project, Healthcare Transformation, Vision Realization Office, Ministry of Health, Khobar, Saudi Arabia; 9Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan City, Saudi Arabia; 10The Vision Realization Office (VRO), Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaCorrespondence: Abdullah A Alharbi, Family and Community Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan City, 45142, Jazan, Saudi Arabia, Tel +966556966880, Email aaalharbi@jazanu.edu.saObjective: To assess the length of stay (LoS) variation for COVID-19 inpatients among the four regions of the Southern Business Unit (SBU).Methods: This is a comparative retrospective study of the LoS of COVID-19 inpatients in the four regions of the SBU in the KSA. Data was collected from the Ministry of Health (MoH) in all hospitals in the SBU. Participants were all patients admitted with confirmed COVID-19 between March 2020 and February 2021. Variables included region (variable of interest), demographics, comorbidities, and complications. Multilinear regression was performed to control for any factors that might have had an association with LoS.Results: The mean LoS of the total sample was 10 days and Bisha (the reference) was 7 days. Compared to Bisha, LoS in Jazan was 34% longer, in Najran 62% longer, and Aseer 40% longer. We observed that other factors also had an association with LoS, compared to Bisha, compared to the references, Saudi patients had a 15% shorter stay; admission to ICU increased LoS by 57%; patients who died during hospitalization had a 39% shorter LoS; the complications from COVID-19 of acute kidney injury and ARDS increased LoS by 22% and 48% respectively.Conclusion: After statistically controlling for confounders, this study reveals that LoS was significantly impacted by region in the SBU in the KSA. We recommend that further study be conducted to illuminate the underlying causes of this variation which may be organizational or structural to ensure high quality of care, access to care, and equity of resources throughout all regions of the SBU in accordance with the new Model of Care in Vision 2030.Keywords: COVID-19, length of stay, Southern Business Unit, Health Holding Company, KSA

In this paper, we present an analytical study for the investigation of the effects of the magnetoelectric elements of a reciprocal and nonreciprocal bianisotropic grounded substrate on the input impedance, resonant length of a dipole antenna as well as on the mutual coupling between two element printed dipole array in three configuration geometries: broadside, collinear and echelon printed on the same material. This study examines also the effect of the considered bianisotropic medium on the electric and magnetic field distributions that has been less addressed in the literature for antenna structures. Computations are based on the numerical resolution, using the spectral method of moments, of the integral equation developed through the mathematical derivation of the appropriate spectral Green"s functions of the studied dipole configuration. Original results, for chiral, achiral, Tellegen and general bi-anisotropic media cases, are obtained and discussed with the electric and magnetic field distributions for a better understanding and interpretation. These interesting results can serve as a stepping stone for further works to attract more attention to the reciprocal and non-reciprocal Tellgen media in-depth studies. ; This work is funded in part by: La Direction Générale de la Recherche Scientifique et du Développement Technologique (DGRSDT), Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research, Algeria, RTI2018-095499-B-C31, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid and the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie Grant 801538, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades, Gobierno de España (MCIU/AEI/FEDER, UE). Besides above, this work is also supported by the FCT/MEC through national funds and when applicable co-financed by the ERDF, under the PT2020 Partnership Agreement under the UID/EEA/50008/2019 project. This work is part of the POSITION-II project funded by the ECSEL joint Undertaking under Grant Number Ecsel-7831132-Postitio-II-2017-IA, www. posit ...