Suchergebnisse

Resumo O Pantanal é um bioma sazonal, de habitats inundáveis, ecologicamente produtivos, com biodiversidade exuberante, que tem atraído o turismo na natureza. Ambiente protegido, é o principal produto do mercado do ecoturismo e seu crescente fator socioeconômico para a gente local. O Pantanal ainda oferece uma complexa diversidade ambiental e biológica, valorando os ecossistemas naturais, o que tem sido crucial para o turismo, ajudando a manter a integridade do bioma. Estudos revelam que alterações e perda de habitats, com conversão da vegetação natural em pastos para o gado e em campos agrícolas, além do turismo não sustentável, são problemas ambientais que afetam a região. Se por um lado o Pantanal merece ter sua natureza protegida, por outro lado, a presença do homem tem levado ao indispensável crescimento socioeconômico, o que inclui o turismo na natureza. Este estudo analisa a percepção em mudança do homem pantaneiro em busca de seu desenvolvimento socioeconômico.

Abstract The Pantanal is a wetland located in the central region of South America (150,355 km2), mainly in Brazil (nearly 140,000 km2), touching Paraguay and Bolivia. The floodplain is fed by the Paraguay River and its tributaries, where the headwater of the rivers is located on the surrounding upland. Only 40% of this plateau retains its natural vegetation. Although the natural habitats of the Pantanal are still considered well preserved, retaining 80% of the vegetation cover, the biome faces environmental and socioeconomic threats that affect its biodiversity. The seasonal flux of the rivers is a fundamental ecological element for regional biodiversity. Habitat alteration and deforestation have affected terrestrial and aquatic habitats and their associated wildlife. This work identifies and analyses the threats to biodiversity considering land use, based on research experience in the region plus field work. Based on this, it discusses a strategic action plan for the biome's biodiversity.

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) ; Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) ; Fundect ; Embrapa Macroprograma ; Processo FAPESP: 2014/06889-2 ; CNPq: 308563/2013-1 ; CNPq: 447402/2014-5 ; CNPq: 448923/2014-9 ; Fundect: 59/300.152/2016 ; Embrapa Macroprograma: 03.17.00.047.00.00 ; The Pantanal is a large wetland mainly located in Brazil, whose natural resources are important for local, regional and global economies. Many human activities in the region rely on Pantanal's ecosystem services including cattle breeding for beef production, professional and touristic fishing, and contemplative tourism. The conservation of natural resources and ecosystems services provided by the Pantanal wetland must consider strategies for water security. We explored precipitation data from 1926 to 2016 provided by a regional network of rain gauge stations managed by the Brazilian Government. A timeseries obtained by dividing the monthly accumulated-rainfall by the number of rainy days indicated a positive trend of the mean rate of rainy days (mm/day) for the studied period in all seasons. We assessed the linkage of Pantanal's rainfall patterns with large-scale climate data in South America provided by NOAA/ESRL from 1949 to 2016. Analysis of spatiotemporal correlation maps indicated that, in agreement with previous studies, the Amazon biome plays a significant role in controlling summer rainfall in the Pantanal. Based on these spatiotemporal maps, a multi-linear regression model was built to predict the mean rate of summer rainy days in Pantanal by 2100, relative to the 1961-1990 mean reference. We found that the deforestation of the Amazon rainforest has profound implications for water security and the conservation of Pantanal's ecosystem services. (c) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.