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Chapter 1. Introduction: Humans and the Environment -- Chapter 2. A Brief History of Human Resource Use.-Chapter 3. Natural Resources and Economic Development -- Chapter 4. Environmental Impacts of Resource Extraction and Consumption -- Chapter 5. Social and Cultural Factors in Human-Nature Interactions -- Chapter 6. Sustainable Resource Management -- Chapter 7. Conclusion: Moving Towards a Sustainable Future.

Ilmul Saidala (Unani pharmacy) is an important pharmaceutical branch of Unani System of Medicine, also known as Greco-Arabic medicine. Its historical evolution is intricately related with that of human's disease and sufferings. The earlier records about the Ilmul Saidala reveal that the Greco-Roman civilization is credited with its origin and development. Then, the Arabs preserved their medical legacy, and enriched it with their pharmaceutical experiments, innovations, and newer formulations. Most of the physicians rendered voluminous compendium known as "Al-Qarābādhīn" (pharmacopoeia) on the pharmacy including pharmaceutical as well as cosmeceutical preparations. After the fifth century, the development in Unani Pharmacy has been greatly contributed by Arab physicians and the world acclaimed piece of knowledge from this period is Avicenna's 'Canon of Medicine'. The medical influences of the Arabs helped in further development, regulation, and advancement of pharmaceutical sciences in the European soil and evolved it as a distinctive institution of respect and public welfare. The vastness of knowledge of Greco-Arabic period can be judged from the fact that the contemporary innovations and developments in the pharmaceutical industry is primarily owed to the original contributions of Greek, Egyptian, and Arab philosophers and physicians, such as Hippocrates, Pedanios Dioscorides, Galen of Pergamon, Avicenna, Rhazes, Geber etc. In India, Mughals, especially emperor Akbar was very instrumental in the propagation of Unani medicine and had appointed Unani physicians in different cities of his territory. Later on, Khandan Shareefi (Shareefi family) and Khandan Azizi (Azizi family) played important roles in the promotion of Unani Pharmacy. In post-independence India , Hạkīm 'Abd al-Hạmeed established Unani pharmacies on the lines of the modern pharmaceutical industry for the mass production of Unani formulations in compliance with Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) guidelines. At present, Unani System of Medicine and its pharmacies enjoys the patronage of Government in India and other South-East Asian countries, such as Pakistan and Bangladesh along with post graduate education in Unani pharmacy. The present work is a sincere attempt of authors to critically appraise the Unani Pharmaceutical potentials from the past, the current waves of developments and issues, and their possible ways forward. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol. Vol. 21(1) 2022 Page : 24-36

Social network is a step or an effort to remain competitive with other manufacturers in the agricultural activities. Therefore, the main objective of this study is to examine the types of social networks used by the Chinese farmers in the marketing and finding the best price for their agricultural products. The idealist ontology and epistemology interpretivism were used in this study. Data was collected using the in-depth interviews and non-participation observation. Purposive and snowball sampling techniques were used in selecting the informants in this study. The total number of informants in the study is determined based on the saturation data. The validity and reliability of the data were determined using the member checked approach. The study found that the type of social network used by the Chinese farmers in marketing of their agricultural products can be divided into eight types, namely friends, family, social environment, dialects, values, experience, aid from the state and the wholesalers. These eight types of social networks have helped the Chinese farmers to remain competitive with the leading producers of vegetables and other fruits although there is lack of support from the government agencies in terms capital and marketing their product compared to their other Bumiputera counterparts. DOI:10.5901/mjss.2015.v6n4s3p117

Dalam sebuah negara demokrasi seperti Malaysia, media memainkan peranan penting dalam membentuk struktur pengetahuan politik dan mendorong kepada tindakan menyertai aktiviti politik di kalangan pengundi muda baharu. Isunya penyelidikan empirikal terhadap struktur pengetahuan politik di kalangan pengundi muda baharu di Malaysia masih kurang diberi perhatian memandangkan topik kesediaan penyertaan politik kian mendapat perhatian dalam forum politik. Objektif kajian untuk menilai tahap struktur pengetahuan politik dari 1) dimensi maklumat demokrasi, 2) dimensi maklumat pilihan raya dan 3) dimensi maklumat parti politik dalam konteks pengundi muda baharu di Malaysia. Penyelidikan kuantitatif ini menggunakan kaedah survei fokus kepada 547 responden yang berusia 18-26 tahun di seluruh Malaysia dari Zon Utara, Timur, Barat, Selatan dan Borneo. Kajian ini melaporkan pengundi muda baharu di Malaysia mempunyai tahap pengetahuan politik yang tinggi terutama bagi maklumat demokrasi dan maklumat pilihan raya. Namun, tahap pengetahuan maklumat parti politik dalam kalangan responden dilaporkan di tahap sederhana. Kajian ini mencadangkan agar Suruhanjaya Pilihan Raya Malaysia menganjurkan outreach program dengan kerjasama Kementerian Pendidikan Tinggi, Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia dan Kementerian Belia dan Sukan. Kandungan program ini untuk kempen kesedaran mengundi dan inisiatif strategik untuk meningkatkan jaringan pengundi muda baharu dengan entiti kerajaan. Memuatnaik foto, mencipta kandungan di media baharu dan tag media baharu milik entiti kerajaan ini mampu mencetus data tetapan algoritma di media baharu. Ini adalah strategi 'gesaan' (prompt) kepada tetapan algoritma untuk mencadangkan kandungan berunsur politik dalam media baharu pengundi muda baharu. Hal ini membantu pengundi muda baharu di Malaysia yang kurang minat politik untuk mendapat pendedahan maklumat politik melalui maklumat polisi kerajaan.